Question

Module 4 project outline

Outline the role nutrition plays in the prevention of the disease (coronary artery disease), etiology of coronary artery disease, progression of coronary artery disease, treatment of coronary artery disease, recommended diets of coronary artery disease, nursing assessment of coronary artery disease, nursing interventions of coronary artery disease, client education of coronary artery disease, and adherence of coronary artery disease.

Answer 1

The heart is a vital organ in all living things including human beings.It is a muscular organ and its main function is to survive the life by pumping blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system to meets the demands of the body.To maintain the function of the heart that needs adequate supply of oxygen and enriched nutrients to supply through a vital blood vessels called as coronary arteries. simply we can say that coronary artery is an artery supplying blood to the heart.

Cardiovascular disease is otherwise called as heart disease and its associated blood vessels.Heart disease encmpasses with diseased vessels,structural problems and blood clots.The most common heart diseases are coronary artery disease,high blood pressure,cardiac arrest etc.

In some case coronaory arteries may become damaged,because of plaque deposits or excessive accumulation of fat or cholestrol that results in the alteration in the blood flow through the coronary artery than the normal.This may range from no symptoms to chest pain even to a fatal condition called as heart attack.

Etiology and risk factors:

*High blood cholestrol levels

*Unhealthy eating behaviour includes high fatty foods,junk foods,fried foods etc

*Lack of physical activity or regular exercise

*Sedentary life style with uncontrollable eating and lack of essential activities

*Obese

*High BP

*Alcoholism

*cigarrette smoking

*Diabetes

*Emotional stress

Pathogenesis:

Due to the accumulation of cholestrol plaque deposits (atheroscerosis)   $\small \rightarrow$ Narrows the coronary arteries $\small \rightarrow$ Vascular injury $\small \rightarrow$ Reduction in blood flow through these narrowed arteries or partial block $\small \rightarrow$ heart may become weak $\small \rightarrow$ develops abnormal heart rhythms $\small \rightarrow$ fail to pump according to the needs of the body

Treatment:

The treatment of patient may be based on the risk factors,and current health condition.The treatment plan includes:

*Statins

*Beta blockers

*Blood thinners

*Calcium channel blockers

Other than medication we can go for some medical procedure according to the severity of the condition a coronary stent and angioplasty

Surgical management includes CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) blood flow to the heart is restores by bypassing a blocked artery by an healthy artery or vein

Nursing assessment and interventions of coronary artery disease:

*As a nurse she has to assess for the vital signs,heart sounds,peripheral pulses,changes in breathing pattern,skin color

*Assess for the pain,its location,duration,intensity and type of pain experiencing

*Monitor all lab values and ECG,Arteriogram,Angiogram

*Place the patient in a comfortable position

*Elevate the head of the bed if needed

*Monitor blood pressure and heart rate

*Maintain a calm and comfortable environment

*Assess for any pain or heaviness near to the heart or shoulder and arms,if present immediately notify to the physician

Assess for shortness of breath

*Administer prescribed medications according to the order

*Administer oxygen if needed

*Invlove them in diversional activities to promote relaxation

Client education:

*Instruct them to quit smoking and alcoholism if present

*Avoid them to eat junk foods,fried items and high oily foods

*The client will be educated regarding the importance of following an healthy eating pattern that includes avoiding the consumption of saturated fats,trans-fatty acids and cholestrol.

*Advise them to consume more fruits,vegetables,whole grains,fiber,low fat or nonfat dairy products

*Instruct them to consume legumes and protein sources that are low in saturated fat

*Educate them regarding the importance of exercise program and participate them in exercises under the guidance of a health care provider if needed

*Education them regarding the importance and benefits that gain from the above education.Support the patient by explaining the condition in a understandable manner thus they will adhere to the treatment plan and life style modications thus can avoid a further complications of the disease and prevent them from a secondary attack.Educate them regarding the importance of follow up's and its benefits thus can leads a healthy life without burden