Question

Post an explanation of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Describe the differences and similarities between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.

Answer 1

First let us know the definition of diabetes milletus and diabetes insipidus. World health organisation has told that diabetes milletus is a disorder of multiple etiology characterised by chronic hyperglycemia with differences of carbohydrate , fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action or both. Whereas diabetes insipidus is a disesase process that results in either decreased release of or decreased response to anti diuretic hormone which can also cause electrolyte loss leading to electrolyte imbalance.

Next let is learn the pathophysiology of both type of diabetes.diabetes milletus is characterised into DM1 and DM2. Type 1 : pancreatic beta cell destruction due to any disease which leads to insulin deficiency which in turn makes the glucose remain in the blood instead of going into the cells resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is caused by various factors such as genetic, unhealthy lifestyle, insulin sensitivity which leads to either low insulin production or insulin resistance which in turn leads to increased glucose level in the blood resulting in hyperglycemia.

Moving on to diabetes insipidus it is also characterised into diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetic insipidus. Diabetes insupidus is caused due to deficiency of anti diuretic hormone which is secreted by posterior pituitary which leads to lack of ADH binding in renal tubules which in turn affects the resorption resulting in enormous urine, and electrolyte imbalance. Whereas in nephrogenic diabetes insupidus there well be adequate amount of ADH production but kidney receptors fail to accept them on receptors which leads to failure in resorption resulting in increased urine excretion, and electrolyte imbalance due to electrolyte loss.

There are differences and similarities between diabetes milletus and diabetes insipidus. Horome deficiency in DM is insulin and in DI is anti diuretic hormone. Blood sugar levels in DM is high and in DI is normal. There will be excessive urine excretion in diabetes milletus where as in DI there will enormous amount.cholesterol level in DM increases and in DI it will be normal. There will be excretion of sugar in urine in DM and no sugar excretion in DI. The main symptom of DM is extreme thirst, excessive eating and urine excretion, where as in DI thirst, excretion of large amount of urine and dehydration, electrolyte imbalance..

These are some of the details regarding diabetes milletus and diabetes insupedus