Question

Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes or juvenile diabetes is a chronic disease in which cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, and the body is unable to make insulin.the body is unable to process glucose, due to the lack of insulin.

In type 2 diabetes, body isn’t able to effectively use insulin to bring glucose into cells. This causes body to rely on alternative energy sources in tissues, muscles, and organs.

Gestational diabetes is due to insulin-blocking hormones produced during pregnancy. This type of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy.

Drug used in Type 1 diabetes

Insulin : Anyone who has type 1 diabetes needs lifelong insulin therapy.

Types of insulin:

• Short-acting (regular) insulin Humulin R and Novolin R.
• Rapid-acting insulin insulin glulisine (Apidra), insulin lispro (Humalog) and insulin aspart (Novolog).
• Intermediate-acting (NPH) insulin  NPH (Novolin N, Humulin N).
• Long-acting insulin insulin glargine (Lantus, Toujeo Solostar), insulin detemir (Levemir) and insulin degludec (Tresiba).

Insulin administration

Insulin can't be taken orally to lower blood sugar because stomach enzymes will break down the insulin, preventing its action. it is administered by injections or an insulin pump.

Injections. one may use a fine needle and syringe or an insulin pen to inject insulin under skin. Pumps are programmed to dispense specific amounts of rapid-acting insulin automatically.

Dietary considerations:

• include Beans, Dark green leafy vegetables, Citrus fruit, Sweet potatoes, Berries, Tomatoes, Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon), Whole grains, Nuts, Fat-free yogurt and milk

• avoid sugars, simple carbohydrates, fried processed foods

short term effects of type 1 DM are Increased thirst., Frequent urination., Bed-wetting in children who previously didn't wet the bed during the night., Extreme hunger., Unintended weight loss., Irritability and other mood changes., Fatigue and weakness. Blurred vision.

The most common long-term diabetes-related health problems are: damage to the large blood vessels of the heart, brain and legs (macrovascular complications) damage to the small blood vessels, causing problems in the eyes, kidneys, feet and nerves (microvascular complications)

effects of insulin therapy include Low blood sugar, Weight gain on first start , Lumps or scars where one  had too many insulin injections and Rash at the site of injection or, rarely, over entire body.