Question

Explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including the effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.

Answer 1

Diabetes is one of the leading disease among the public.In simple an elevation of blood due level beyond its normal range refers to diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Here there is inadequate or lack of insulin production leading to increase in blood sugar level

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Here the pancreas secrete insulin but the body doesn't respond to it as a result the the glucose in the blood stream cannot be pushed into cells for energy resulting in fatigue and elevated blood sugar level

Gestational diabetes

This can seen only during pregnancy.

These womens are at risk for type 2 diabetes in their later stage of life.

Juvenile Diabetes

The elevation of blood sugar level happens from the childhood period around six years of age due to no production of insulin.

The type 2 diabetes is more prevalent than other types of diabetes The treatment are simple with dietary modifications, exercise and medication. These drugs are taken orally before food .There are certain medications to control the blood glucose level post meals effectively when the post radial sugar are very high and these medication are taken along or after food.These medication cannot be overdosed or underdose. Biguanides are the first line treatment .In case of poor control regular or rapid acting insulin is administered subcutaneously to control the blood sugar.

The dietary modifications are

• Low carbohydrate foods or complex carbohydrates or low glycemic index foods should be included in the diet because it releases glucose very slowly
• Avoid fast foods ,white sugars ,candies ,chocolates,refined foods which has high glycemic index
• Avoid alcohol

Short term effects and the effects of treatment are

• A sudden drop of blood glucose levels due to tte availability of the insulin eith the help of medication and insulin
• Eg.,Human actrapid insulin can reduce blood glucose in less than 10 to 20 minutes.The oral biguanides can reduce the blood sugar level in about 2 hours .

The long term effects and the effects of the treatment are

• Retinopathy (the retina of the eyes are affected )
• Nephropathy (the kidney functions are affected)
• Neuropathy (the nerves are affected)
• Risk for cardiovascular problems
• Stroke

A lack of proper diabetic management can lead to complications earlier .The treatment can affects the renal excretion in long run.