Question

Study Guide for Exam #2 Carbohydrates • Differences between Type Tune Il Diabetes and gestational Diabetes. How do you treat each one? What is the normal range for blood glucose? How is glucose regulated in the body? What hormones play a role in glucose reuptake or release? Fiber requirements for men and women. What does fiber do? What does fiber help prevent? What are the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides? What are their compositions? What is the composition of table sugar? What is the composition of milk? Lipids Features of phospholipids, what makes them unique? What are the main components of a triglyceride? Differences between solids and liquid fats. What foods would be in each category? Lipoprotein differences. What do they do? What are they composed of? What are the structural differences between a saturated versus an unsaturated fatty acid (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated)? What are the 3 main types of lipids and what percentages are in the body? Lipid Digestion What levels should blood cholesterol be at? HDL? LDL? What helps improve cholesterol? What does a build-up of cholesterol in arteries do? Are there essential fatty acids? What do they do? What food sources have them? Fat soluble vitamins. • Proteins • What are conditional, essential, non-essential amino acids? How many are essential non-essential, total? What makes each amino acid different? • What nutritional disorders are associated with low protein? What are the differences between the two? Vegetarian diet. How do vegetarians use complementary proteins? Protein requirements, do they change? What affects them? Proteins have many different roles in the body. What are they? Protein deficiencies can affect what? Protein digestion, what enzymes? Enzymes in general. What do they do? What affect them? Protein synthesis What does collagen, elastin, keratin, albumin do? • Athletes are recommended to eat more protein tuen reguldu person who doesnt exercise

Answer 1

Carbohydrates:

1. Type1diabetes: It is also called juvenile diabetes as it is bseen in kids and adolescents. in this type hormone insulin is not released.

Type2 diabetes is seen in middle aged people.in this case they ususaly dont respond to insulin or production of insulin is low.

Gestational diabetes refers to a condition of higher sugar level during pregnancy.

Treatment for type 1 diabetes is regular monitoring ,isulin therapy, control on diet and exercise.

Treat ment for type 2 diabetes include medicaton, diet, exercise and insulin therapy.

treatment for gestational diabetes include monitoring blood sugar level, healthy diet and monitoring of baby.

2. Blood sugar level is regulated in our body by the secretion of pancreatic hormones viz. insulin and glucagon. insulin help in reuptake of glucose from the blood and glucagon helps in release of glucose into blood by convertion of glycogen.

3. Fiber requirment: in men it is 30-38 grams per day and in female it is from 21-25 grams per day. fiber helps in proper digestion, controling cholestrol and diabetes , it also helps in correct bowel movement. it prevents heart diseases, diabetes, and also bowel cancers to some extent.

4. Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharide, i.e.,they cannot be furthur hydrolised into simpler compounds; disaccharide, which gives two monosaccharide on hydrolysis;and polysaccharide , which gives several monosaccharides on hydrolysis. carbohydrates generaly are defined as those compounds which are plyhydroxy ketones or polyhydroxy aldehydes or yeild these on hydrolysis.

Table sugar or sucrose is disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose. Milk has a disaccharide lactose which is madeof glucose and galactose.