Question

Chapter 5 1. Define micro-molecules and macromolecules. Explain the differences between these molecules a, b, and c, give an example of each. a) monosaccharides, disaccharides, and carbohydrates, and polysaccharides b) amino acids and proteins c) glycerol, fatty acids, and lipids 2. Explain the differences between complex carbohydrates, high fructose corn syrup, and nutritive sweeteners, alternative sweeteners. Explain the complicated side effects of high fructose corn syrup and nutritive sweeteners 3. Explain the differences between starch and glycogen, their function in the living cells. What enzymes are involved in their formation and digestion. 4. State the types of fiber that can be gotten from food, explains the importance of fiber in satiation, colon healthiness, constipation, heart, digestive track, and weight management. 5. Explain the enzymes and the organs that are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Define pH and optimal pH. State the optimal pH for each of these enzymes. 6. Describe diabetes mellitus. State the differences between typel and type 2 diabetes. Explain the causes of each type of the disease, diagnosis and prognosis, and the steps in monitoring the disease. 7. Explain hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome. State the causes of these medical conditions, and the mechanisms to reverse these conditions. 8. Explain why certain people develop intolerance to lactose. What are FODMAPs, give some examples of the most common ones.

Answer 1

1. Micro-molecules - These are the molewles which are in very small size and also molewlar weight. Macro-molecules! These are large molecules such as the protein . @Monosaccharides - These are the glucose and it cannot be hydrolysed into more simpler form , example :- Dextrosé, Fructose ? Galactose Disaccharides! It is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are 'piněd together. example. Sucrose, Lactose, mallose Carbohydrates - These are sugars, starches and fibeds that found in vegetables, grains, milk et. c. Example: Fruit juices, rice Polysaccharides. - A kind of carbohydrate whose molecules consists of number of sugar molecules bonded together. Example: starch, glycogen b) Amino acids - These are organic compounds that "contains amine f carboryl Junctional groups. Example - Valiné. Proteins: These are macromolecules structural units of amino acids. Example - Collagen, Elastin.

c) glycerol - There are simple polyol compound as it is important sources of energy Example - Glycerin fatty acids - These are carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain pa terminal carbonyl group of esters in fats & oils. Example: fats, oil. Libids - Lips are the insoluble substance in water. It is a kind of organic molecule found in living things. Example - Butter, vegetable oil.