Question

Describe Diabetes Mellitus and identify the types (including the SYMPTOMS of diabetes. (2 paragraphs) 1. gestational diabetes). Also describe 2. What is the relationship of insulin to diabetes mellitus? (1 paragraph)

Answer 1

ANSWER

1.Diabetes mellitus

          It is a metabolic disorder in which elevated level of blood glucose

          resulting from defect in insulin action or secretion.

    *Types of diabetes mellitus

               * Type 1 DM.

               * Type 2 DM.

               * Gestational DM.

       *Type 1 DM.

             * It is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

             * It occurs due to destruction of beta cells of the pancreas

               which is responsible for production of hormone insulin.

             * Destruction of beta cells is due to autoimmune disorders,

                genetic mutation,viral factors etc.

              * Insulin injections are required to manage hyperglycemia in

                 Type 1 DM patients.

      * Type 2 DM.

             * It is also known as Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

             * It occurs due to increased resistance of body cells against

               the action of insulin and decreased level of insulin production.

             * Management of Type 2 DM include regular exercises,diabetic diet

               and insulin therapy (oral or subcutaneous hypoglycemic drugs)

      * Gestational DM.

              * Glucose intolerance occur during the the pregnancy period is known

                 as gestational diabetic mellitus.

              * It may occur due to obesity,family history of diabetic mellitus etc.

              * Management of Gestational DM include dietry mordifications,routine

                monitoring of glucose level and moderate level of execises.

*Symptoms of Diabetes mellitus.

                * Polyuria.( Excessive voiding)

                * Polydypsia.( Excessive thirst)

                * Polyphagia.(Excessive hunger)

                * Weakness.

                * Changes in vision.

                * Dry skin.

                * Numbness of extremities.

                * Non healing ulcers.

                * Stomach pain (In Type 1 DM).

                * Weight loss.

2. Relationship of insulin to diabetes mellitus.

        * Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the endocrine

           part of pancreas.

        * Insulin regulate the blood glucose level through enhance the utilization

           of the glucose in the cells by binding with insulin receptors on the body

           cells.

        * Insulin also stimulate glycogenesis(Formation of glycogen from glucose)

           in liver to maintain blood glucose level.

        * If the insulin production become low or inadequate to maintain normal blood

           glucose level which result in increased level of glucose in the blood and cells

         of the body become lack of glucose for metabolic processes which leads to

           Diabetes mellitus.