Question

Select all that apply. Which of the following statements is not true of diabetes mellitus?

a)the symptoms for both types of diabetes mellitus are always polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria, as well as weight loss.

b)type 2 diabetes mellitus may be caused by insulin resistance

c)drugs for diabetes mellitus include oral hypoglycemics, insulins, and drugs to affect glucose absorption

d)type 2 diabetes is the result of aging, improper diet, or genetic factors and may be treated with oral medications

e) type 1 diabetes mellitus seems to be a genetic abnormality requiring insulin administration

f) none of the choices

Answer 1

option - al is not a true statement of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus The concentration of insulin is inappropriate to flux glucose into the cells in this condition. A person with diabetes mellitus exhibit high blood-sugar level than the threshold range. Due to this abnormal accumulation, fat is burned to liberate energy as glucose is not available for the tissues production of ATP. If the condition is chronic, accumulating sugars are converted into acetyl COA, which is the precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the receptors IGF-1 and IGF-2 for insulin, are not expressed on the cell-surfaces. The intensity of insulin signaling becomes a trace phenomenon and GLUT (glucose transporters) are shutdown the entire time. Gradually cells become insensitive towards insulin. Drugs like oral hypoglycemics including-pioglitazone, metformin and tolazamide, subside the levels of sugars in the blood. Thiazolidinediones activate PPAR-V, which act on peroxisome proliferative responsive elements (PREE) which trigger insulin gene system. Insulin receptor proteins are expressed and assembled into receptor domains in the plasma membrane. Type 2 diabetes is partly influenced by lifestyle of the individuals and the genetic factors. The effects of type 2 diabetes can be controlled by oral medications life-metformin Autoimmune attack triggered against B-cells of pancreas signifies that type 1 diabetes is partially genetic. HLA genotypes also influence the development of diabetes. There by individuals with type 1 diabetes require regular administration of insulin through insulin therapy. Al the above phenomena are dictated as true critical pathophysiology of mentioned diabetic conditions. Polydipsia leads to polyurea as the regular triggered sensation of thirst flushes 2 to 3.5 liter of urine in 24 hours which is abnormally higher than the actual threshold limit. Polyphagia is the condition in which the individual appetite is always held at peak. As glucose is not oxidized to liberate ATP, hunger sensation is positively regulated. Higher concentration of sugars in the blood and the inability of cells to uptake leads to polyphagia. Weight loss is experienced by the individuals as fat is oxidized to liberate acetyl CoA which can be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis within the sarcoplasm. But on a chronic timeline, this alternative is made to halt, as excess fatty acid oxidation may lead to ketosis. Prolong polydipsia leads to increased fluid retention causing edema. So its is the body's water weightage contributes to overall weight gain.

Hence, weight loss is not a determinant symptom of both the types of Diabetes Mellitus. Representation of weight loss along with polydipsia, polyurea and polyphagia makes the first option as a false statement. Therefore, option -al is not a true statement of Diabetes mellitus.