Question

4. What are the main differences in pathology and treatment for acute, chronic, and end-stage renal disease?

nutrition

Answer 1

pathology of acute renal disease - minimum lesions, granular casts, interstitial edema with little peritubular infilteration with normal kidney function have been observed in people with acute renal disease.

pathology of chronic renal disease - it is a long-term disease and is described as renal insufficiency which include loss of renal tissue functions resulted in disturbing the homeostasis of fluid and electrolyte. concentration of urine decreases. moderate metabolic acidosis causes muscle wasting due to the catabolism of protein.

ultrasonography, urinalysis, renal biopsy are used to diagnose chronic renal disease. firstly when the serum creatinine increases, then it (CKD) is suspected.

pathology of end stage renal disease - it occurs when CKD reaches to an advanced level and kidneys no longer function at all. a patient needs the support of machines to be alive. the patient is anemic for sure.

treatment of chronic renal disease - fluid and electrolyte management, regulation of blood pressure, supplementation of Vitamin D, restriction on dietary protein, phosphate, and potassium.

treatment of acute renal disease - specific drugs that can help to raise the blood pressure are given, fluids that help in rehydration are given intravenously, injection of Norepinephrine, etc.

treatment of end stage renal disease - there are only two possible treatments of end stage renal disease - kidney transplant and dialysis.