Question

3. Discuss nutrition management of acute (AKD), chronic (CKD and end stage kidney disease (ESKD)

Answer 1

Patients with CKD have uremia, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, water and salt retention and bone and mineral disorders. Indivuals are advised low protein intake (1g/kg/day). This slows the disease progression.

Individuals with AKD are classified as
   (i) non catabolic state: uninary obstruction and dehydration.
   (ii) catabolic state: sepsis, acidosis adn trauma
Significant electrolyte changes are observed in individuals with AKD. Hyperkalaemia should be avoided. Very high doses of Vit C are toxic to such individuals

ESRD: The amount of fluids and nutrients should be monitored. When on dialysis, phosphorus builds up in the blood, causing weak bones. Also, water or fluids tend to build up in the body causing blood pressure, swelling and heart failure. Fluid intake should be limited, which includes a cut on the fruits and vegetable intake. Individuals with ESRD, sodium builds up in the blood, thus, body retains water causing raise in blood pressure.