Question

1. Identify the three types of burns and describe the mechanism

2. Describe the level of severity of burn in terms of depth

3. After removing a patient out of a house fire, identify 3 priority concerns and intervention at this time

a. How which clinical manifestation will determine airway involvement

4. Calculate the body surface area involved in burns involving the following areas

a. Anterior upper trunk, and left anterior arm, and face

b. Entire left leg and anterior trunk

c. Anterior left and right leg, and anterior trunk

d. Posterior trunk, back of the right and left arm

e. Using the parkland formula, how much fluid will be administered during the first 24 hours for the patient in a

f. How much fluid will be administered during the first 8 hours for the patient in C

5. What is escharotomy, and when is it indicated

6. Describe the possible effects of burn on the following systems

a. Respiratory

b. Cardiovascular

c. Gastrointestinal

d. Musculoskeletal

e. Immunologic

f. Urinary

7. Describe nursing care of patient during the following phases of burns stating rationales

a. Emergent

b. Acute

c. Rehabilitation

8. Discuss changes in the following electrolytes in a burn patient describing the causes

a. Potassium

b. Sodium

9. Describe pain management measures for a burn patient

10. Differentiate the emergent, acute, and rehabilitation phases of burns, giving the time frames.

11. Provide examples of drugs for the following drug classes and provide rationale for use

Drug class	Provide 2 drugs	Rationale for use in burn patient
analgesics
Sedative/hypnotic
antidepressant
anticoagulant
Dietary supplement
Acid controlled drugs
antimicrobials
immunization

12. Compare and contrast the different types of skin grafting

13. describe preventions and management of the following complications of burn

a. infection

b. venous thromboembolism

c. acute respiratory distress syndrome

d. contractures

Answer 1

1) Types of burns are :

Thermal burns : occur when there is a contact with hot fumes/fire,steam.

Chemical burns: Burns resulting after contact with irritants or chemicals like harmful acids.

Electrical burns: Occurs as a result of electric current.

Radiation burns: Secondary to radiation therapy used to treat cancerous cells.

2) Burns refers to injury occurs on the skin that results in severe damage to the skin cells. Burns commonly caused secondary to electricity,sun burn, chemical spillage,fires.The burns can be classified on the basis of degrees namely : first degree, second degree and third degree.

First degree burn also termed as superficial burns and mostly cause minimum skin damage. The first degree burns is characterized by mild redness, minor superficial inflammation,peeling of skin. All the symptoms normally disappear with a week.

Second degree burns affects deep layer of the skin. It normally appears like blisters and exudates weeps out of the wound. It takes 2-3 weeks to heal.

Third degree burns are the severe form of burn wound that affects entire layers of the skin. Extensive damage to all the layers of the skin also affects nerve that results in absence of pain sensation. There is higher risk of complications like infections,severe blood loss, contractions, excessive loss of blood resulting in hypovolemia.

3) The priority management for a victim rescued from house fire includes: To prevent cloth from fire, to cut tight clothing's to prevent respiratory distress, to remove tight rings,bracelets as the edema may hinder the removal of the tight accessories. If patient stop breathing check for airway breathing and circulation and if pulseless start cardio pulmonary resuscitation.

4) Body surface area is the total surface area f a person calculated based on the patient body weight and height.

The calculated percentage of burns in:

anterior upper trunk,left anterior arm and face is = 18%

entire left leg and anterior trunk = 27%

Anterior left and right leg, and anterior trunk= 36%

Posterior trunk, back of the right and left arm = 27%

5) Escharotomy refers to a a surgical procedure used to treat third degree burns. It is indicated for patients with severe burns, inability to move limbs. It is commonly done on patients with full thickness burns that affects extremities,chest and neck.