Question

Create a 5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation that can be used in a staff development meeting on presenting different approaches for implementing the stepwise approach for asthma treatment. Be sure to address the following: Describe long-term control and quick-relief treatment options for the asthma patient from your practice as well as the impact these drugs might have on your patient. Explain the stepwise approach to asthma treatment and management for your patient. Explain how stepwise management assists health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease. Be specific.

Answer 1

#. Slides on asthma management :-

DEFINITION: • Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath

CAUSES: Environmental factors can cause new epigenetic changes. Inherited epigenetic changes and genetic mutations can cause a predisposition for developing asthma. Epigenetics Genetics Environmental factors Environmental factors can cause new genetic mutations Environmental factors can trigger asthmain those genetically predisposed. Asthma Asthma causes

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Airway Due to risk factors hyperresponsiveness Mucus secretion, inflammation Stimulation of immune system IgE stimulants produced B- lymphocytes Histamines etc... Airway remodelling Mast cell degranulation Releaseof inflammatory mediators S/S of Asthma

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Wheezing Cough Chest tightness Dyspone Hypoxia Nasal flaring Sputum is thick and tenacious Decreased or absence of breath sounds called “SILENT CHEST”

MANAGEMENT: Atopic Triad • Medications: Bronchodilators: -long acting beta adrenagic blockers: eg:salmeterol, formeterol, theophylline • Anti-inflammatory drugs: -corticosteriods: eg:flunisolides,beclamethasone,cromolyn -Mast cell stabilizers: egmontelukast,zileuton • DRY POWDER INHALERS

OTHER METHODS: • When asthma is unresponsive to usual medications, other options are available for both emergency management and prevention of flareups. For emergency management other options include: • Oxygen to alleviate hypoxia if saturations fall below 92%. Oral corticosteroid are recommended with five days of prednisone being the same 2 days of dexamethasone.

Magnesium sulfate intravenous treatment has been shown to provide a bronchodilating effect when used in addition to other treatment in severe acute asthma attacks. Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, may also be considered in severe unresponsive cases

NURSING MANAGEMENT: Check vitalsigns at regular intervals. Monitor allergic symptoms. - Administer medication, note action of medications. Avoid exposure to pollution environment. Deep breathing exercises. Health education.

Intermittent Asthma Persistent Asthma: Daily Medication Preferred Treatment high-dose ICS Alternative Treatment high-dose ICS LABA 3 medium-dose ICS low-dose ICS LABA AND consider omalizumab for patients who have allergies oral corticosteroid AND consider omalizumab for patients who have allergies LABA 1 LABA low-dose ICS OR medium-dose ICS SABA as needed low-dose ICS medium-dose ICS cromolyn, LTRA or theophylline either LTRA, theophylline or zileuton either LTRA theophylline, or zileuton Consider subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy for patients who have persistent, allergic asthma