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Q: In a 400 words essay, explore the history and developments of ICD coding system?

***************Please re- write my answer I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

Ans) International Classification of Diseases (ICD), in medicine, diagnostic tool that is used to classify and monitor causes of injury and death and that maintains information for health analyses, such as the study of mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) trends. The ICD is designed to promote international compatibility in health data collecting and reporting.

- Believe it or not, the ICD-9 diagnosis coding system originated in 17th century England. Statistical data was gathered through a system known as the London Bills of Mortality and arranged into numerical codes. These codes were used to measure the most frequent causes of death.

- Disease classifications have undergone a long evolution from their inception in the late 19th century. Nowadays, ICDs are internationally recognized classifications that help clinicians, policy makers, and patients to navigate, understand, and compare healthcare systems and services. In the United States, ardent debates arose recently around the requirement to transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM. Three general sectors are involved in the ICD discussions in the United States: healthcare providers (mostly interested in postponing the implementation of ICD-10-CM because of the financial uncertainties and questionable quality gains), vendors (which will probably gain monetary profits from the implementation of the new classification), and the government (which holds a neutral position and has twice postponed the requirement for the transition to ICD-10-CM for billing purposes).

- TheThe first common category of arguments - relates to the financial side of the classification change: it is challenging to estimate the possible costs and revenue generated from the transition to ICD-10-CM. The evidence that exists about the estimated costs and revenues also seems to be either anecdotal or somewhat outdated, especially in the light of the recent legislative changes related to meaningful use of EHRs. In order to make strong and valid financial predictions, high-quality evidence with a national scope is desperately needed. This evidence might be obtained by a governmental agency, such as CMS or HHS, or with their funding, as was provided previously.

- The second category of arguments relates to the ability of the suggested ICD-10-CM transition to generate higher-quality clinical data that will drive better healthcare management and improve outcomes. Although this argument sounds reasonable, evidence about the actual improvement of healthcare data that is likely to occur with the transition to ICD-10-CM is scarce. Several recent studies comparing the classifications did not identify significant improvements. However, these studies are not without methodological concerns that limit the generalizability of their findings. Therefore, more generalizable research that thoroughly compares and examines the quality improvements between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM is needed. Also, CMS and the NCHS might consider allocating additional resources to facilitate more robust research comparing the quality improvements between the classifications.

- ICD-11 is expected to be released by 2016, and at least another year will probably be needed to create an appropriate clinical modification for use in the United States. Until then, it is likely that the switch to ICD-10-CM will continue to be required, but more robust research evidence is needed to facilitate and substantiate the recent debates.

Answer 1

Medical billing and coding have been around for decades , it continues as an everchanging field. ICD 9 coding system orginated in 17 th century in england. statistical data was gathered through system known as London Bills of mortality, and arranged into numerical codes. these codes used to measure most frequent cause of death. By 1937 this statistical cause of death was organized intio Intrnational list of cause of death. over the years , WHO used this list more to assist in tracking mortality rate and international health trends. this was later developed into international classification of disease (ICD), which is now in its 10th edition.

In 1997, the ICD sysytem was expanded to not only include cause of death but also clinical diagnoses such as illnesses and injuries.The ICD 10 version is much more specific than ICD 9, which has only 13,000 codes and other non-specified codes were used for numerous diseases, conditions and injuries.

ICD 10 has 68,000 codes, which eliminates a lot of other non-specified codes. The code set has been expanded from five positions to seven positions. ICD 10 was first published by WHO in 1992.

ICD 11 was accepted by WHO on 25th may 2019. and will come into effects on 1st  january 2022.

ICD is published byWHO and used to world wide for morbidity and moratality statistics, reimbursement systems, and automated decision support in health care. In 1860, during the internatinal statistical congress held in London,Florence Nightingale made a proposal that was to result in the devolopment of the first model of systematic collection of hospital data.

In 1893 a french physycian , Jacqes Bertillon, introduce the Bertillon classification of the causes of death at a congress of the international statistical institute in chockago.

Answer 2

Medical billing and coding have been around for decades. And just like fifty years ago, it continues to be an ever-changing field. Believe it or not, the ICD diagnosis coding system originated in 17th century England.

First attempt to classify diseases systematically done by François Bossier de Lacroix. Statistical data was collected from a system called the London Bills of Mortality, and the data was organized into numerical codes. The codes were then used to estimate the most recurrent causes of death. The International Statistical Institute adopted the first international classification of diseases in 1893.

The statistical study of disease attempt to estimate the proportion of liveborn children who died before reaching the age of six years. Three centuries have contributed something to the scientific accuracy of disease classification. The coding system has gradually developed to track diseases processes, classify the causes of death, collect data for medical research, and evaluate hospital service utilization.

By 1937, this statistical analysis of the causes of death was organized into the International List of Causes of Death. Over the years, the World Health Organization (WHO) used this list more and more to assist in tracking mortality rates and international health trends.

The International Statistical Institute, the successor to the International Statistical Congress, at its meeting in Vienna in 1891, charged a committee and the report presented by Bertillon at the meeting of the International Statistical Institute in Chicago in 1893 and adopted by it.

The first International Conference for the Revision of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death was held in in Paris, in 1900. Delegates from 26 countries attended this Conference. A detailed classification of causes of death consisting of 179 groups and an abridged classification of 35 groups were adopted on 21 August 1900. The desirability of decennial revisions was recognized, and the French Government was requested to call the next meeting in 1910. In fact the next conference was held in 1909, and the Government of France called succeeding conferences in 1920, 1929, and 1938.

Later, an international commission, known as the "Mixed Commission", was created and this Commission drafted the proposals for the Fourth (1929) and the Fifth (1938) revisions of the International List of Causes of Death.

The International Conference for the Sixth Revision of the International Lists of Diseases and Causes of Death was convened in Paris from 26 to 30 April 1948 by the Government of France under the terms of the agreement signed at the close of the Fifth Revision Conference in 1938

The International Conference for the Seventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases was held in Paris under the auspices of WHO in February 1955.

The Eighth Revision Conference convened by WHO met in Geneva, from 6 to 12 July 1965 (24). This revision was more radical than the Seventh but left unchanged the basic structure of the Classification and the general philosophy of classifying diseases, whenever possible, according to their etiology rather than a particular manifestation. During the years that the Seventh and Eighth Revisions of the ICD were in force, the use of the ICD for indexing hospital medical records increased rapidly and some countries prepared national adaptations which provided the additional detail needed for this application of the ICD

In 1977, the ICD system was expanded to not only include causes of death, but also clinical diagnoses such as illnesses and injuries.

The switch from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 coding system made waves in the medical coding and billing fields. The ICD-10 called for an increase in the number of codes – from approximately 17,000 to nearly 150,000 – to include more conditions, diseases, and injuries

The ICD is important because it provides a common language for reporting and monitoring diseases. This allows the world to compare and share data in a consistent and standard way – between hospitals, regions and countries and over periods of time. Medical Coding is making history right now and the future of health care looks promising.

Answer 3

Ans) International Classification of Diseases (ICD), in medicine, diagnostic tool that is used to classify and monitor causes of injury and death and that maintains information for health analyses, such as the study of mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) trends. The ICD is designed to promote international compatibility in health data collecting and reporting.

- Believe it or not, the ICD-9 diagnosis coding system originated in 17th century England. Statistical data was gathered through a system known as the London Bills of Mortality and arranged into numerical codes. These codes were used to measure the most frequent causes of death.

- Disease classifications have undergone a long evolution from their inception in the late 19th century. Nowadays, ICDs are internationally recognized classifications that help clinicians, policy makers, and patients to navigate, understand, and compare healthcare systems and services. In the United States, ardent debates arose recently around the requirement to transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM. Three general sectors are involved in the ICD discussions in the United States: healthcare providers (mostly interested in postponing the implementation of ICD-10-CM because of the financial uncertainties and questionable quality gains), vendors (which will probably gain monetary profits from the implementation of the new classification), and the government (which holds a neutral position and has twice postponed the requirement for the transition to ICD-10-CM for billing purposes).

- TheThe first common category of arguments - relates to the financial side of the classification change: it is challenging to estimate the possible costs and revenue generated from the transition to ICD-10-CM. The evidence that exists about the estimated costs and revenues also seems to be either anecdotal or somewhat outdated, especially in the light of the recent legislative changes related to meaningful use of EHRs. In order to make strong and valid financial predictions, high-quality evidence with a national scope is desperately needed. This evidence might be obtained by a governmental agency, such as CMS or HHS, or with their funding, as was provided previously.

- The second category of arguments relates to the ability of the suggested ICD-10-CM transition to generate higher-quality clinical data that will drive better healthcare management and improve outcomes. Although this argument sounds reasonable, evidence about the actual improvement of healthcare data that is likely to occur with the transition to ICD-10-CM is scarce. Several recent studies comparing the classifications did not identify significant improvements. However, these studies are not without methodological concerns that limit the generalizability of their findings. Therefore, more generalizable research that thoroughly compares and examines the quality improvements between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM is needed. Also, CMS and the NCHS might consider allocating additional resources to facilitate more robust research comparing the quality improvements between the classifications.

- ICD-11 is expected to be released by 2016, and at least another year will probably be needed to create an appropriate clinical modification for use in the United States. Until then, it is likely that the switch to ICD-10-CM will continue to be required, but more robust research evidence is needed to facilitate and substantiate the recent debates.

Answer 4

The International stastical institute adopted the first international classfication of diseases in 1983.The system was based on the BERTILLON classification of cause of death,developed by French statistician and demographer Jaccques Bertillon.The ICD coding system ,connects health issues that raise in patients, by using three to seven digint alphanumeric codies to indicate signs ,syptoms ,diseases,conditions and injuries to payers .The first international classification ,known as the international list of causes of death,was adopted bt the international stastistical institute in in 1948.WHO was entrusted with the ICD at its creation in 1948 and publishedthe 6,that incorporated morbidity for the first time .International Classification of Diseases (ICD), in medicine, diagnostic tool that is used to classify and monitor causes of injury and death and that maintains information for health analyses, such as the study of mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) trends. The ICD is designed to promote international compatibility in health data collecting and reporting.ICD codes mainly used by doctors ,nurses,other providers researchers,healh information managers and coders ,health information technology workers,policy makers ,insurers and patient organizations.All member states use the the ICD codes and it hasbeen translated in to 43 languages.

The main reason for the coding system was originally developed to track disease process,classify the causes of death,collect data for medical reserch and evaluvate hospital sevice utilization. The ICD-9 diagnosis coding system originated in 17th century England. Statistical data was gathered through a system known as the London Bills of Mortality and arranged into numerical codes. These codes were used to measure the most frequent causes of death.late 19th century itself disease classifications have undergone a long changes,nowadays  ICDs are internationally recognized classifications In the United States, ardent debates arose recently around the requirement to transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM.ICD- 10 CM was developed following through evaluation by aTchnical Advisory panel and extensive additional consultation with physician groups,clinical coders and others to assure clinical accuracy and utility.

  TheThe first common category of arguments - relates to the financial side of the classification change: it is challenging to estimate the possible costs and revenue generated from the transition to ICD-10-CM.Overall ICD -10 CM is more effective at capturing public health diseases than ICD -9 CM.It is more specific and fully capures more of the nationally reportable public healh diseases ,diseases related to the top ten causes of mortality,and diseases related to terrorism.Other benefits of ICD-10 CM are measuring the quality ,safety and efficacy of care,designing payment system and processingclaim for reimbursement.The second category of arguments relates to the ability of the suggested ICD-10-CM transition to generate higher-quality clinical data that will drive better healthcare management and improve outcomes. Although this argument sounds reasonable, evidence about the actual improvement of healthcare data that is likely to occur with the transition to ICD-10-CM is scarce.

- ICD-11 is expected to be released by 2016, and at least another year will probably be needed to create an appropriate clinical modification for use in the United States. Until then, it is likely that the switch to ICD-10-CM will continue to be required, but more robust research evidence is needed to facilitate and substantiate the recent debates.

Answer 5

Ans) History of the ICD:
The system was based on the Bertillon Classification of Causes of Death, developed by French statistician and demographer Jacques Bertillon. In 1898 the American Public Health Association recommended that Canada, Mexico, and the United States use that system and that it be revised every decade.

- organized medicine has been consumed by the anticipated transition to the 10th iteration of the International Classification of Disease system. Implementation has come and gone without the disruptive effects predicted by many. Despite the fundamental role the International Classification of Disease system plays in health care delivery and payment policy, few neuroradiologists are familiar with the history of its implementation and implications beyond coding for diseases.

- The first international classification edition, known as the International List of Causes of Death, was adopted by the International Statistical Institute in 1893. WHO was entrusted with the ICD at its creation in 1948 and published the 6th version, ICD-6, that incorporated morbidity for the first time.