Question

the student must answer the following questions about the asthma disorder.

1. What causes this disorder?
2. What symptoms are present?
3. Which structure(s)/organ(s) affects?
4. What are possible treatments for this disorder?
5. Indicate the references using APA format.

Answer 1

ASTHMA DISORDER

                  Asthma disorder

                 Causes, symptoms and treatment

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory /allergy disorder of airway which is characterized by bronchoconstriction,airway edema and mucus secretion.

Causes of asthma

• Environmental factors like change in temperature especially cold air and change in humidity especially dry air .
• Atmospheric pollution - cigarette,smog etc.
• Strong odour.
• Allergens- for examples animals , dandruff,dust,mite,food ,fruits,veg dust ,wood .
• Medication- for examples-aspirin, NSAIDS, anticholinergic etc.
• Stress or emotional condition.

Symptoms of asthma:-

• Expiratory wheezing sound.
• Absent and decrease lung sound.
• Use of accessory muscles in respiration
• Prolonged time exhalation
• Tachypnea- increase respiratory rate
• Hyperventilation
• Cough early morning and late night
• Cynosis- decrease oxygen
• Diaphoresis-excessive sweating
• Chest tightness
• Decrease oxygen saturation.

Structure/organs affect by asthma

As we already discussed that asthma is an inflammatory disorder of lungs. Song effects respiratory system as well as it increase the chances of cardiovascular disease. So we can say cardiovascular is also affected by asthma. It also affect circulatory system of the body.

Treatment-

Medical treatment

• Corticosteroids- reduce inflammatory agents.for example betamethasone , hydrocortisone, prednisolone.
• Bronchodilators-opening air passages in lungs for example- theophylline,deriphylline.
• Leukotriene receptors antagonist- block action of leukotriene to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation ,for example -montelukast,zileuton,zafirlukast.
• Anticholinergic-any production of acetylcholine receptor sites on smooth muscles and prevent bronchospasm ,for example ipratropium
• Beta agonist-asha beta adrenergic receptor in Brown to relax smooth muscles this enhance respiratory volume and any disturbing release from mast cells suppressing reaction to allergens ,for example - Albuterol, isoproterenol.

Nursing treatment:-

• Give hi Fowler position and sitting position.
• Administer oxygen
• Administer bronchodilator first then give corticosteroids.
• Give high calorie diet and liquid diet.