Question

1. Knowing what you now know about the effects of nutrition on the body's metabolism, list at least 2 metabolic changes (things like energy expenditure, glycemic control, etc) would you expect as a result of: a. Severe stress b. Starvation c. Trauma or surgery 2. Discuss the nutritional requirements of patients with burns. Start at the acute phase and work through to the healing phase. 3. What is the purpose of early enteral nutrition for burn patients? What is the main nutritional/hydration goal for the first 24 hours? 4. List 3 considerations for a patient diet after a major surgery and discuss why they are important. 5. Define refeeding syndrome, and list three minerals that should be closely monitored during recovery from starvation or protein-energy malnutrition.

Answer 1

1)ans) A) Severe stress:

Severe stress increased or fight-or-flight reaction it affect the central nervous system, restricted blood flow to the digestive system and slowing the concentration and decreasing the secretion which leads to the cramping, information, in balance of gut bacteria, peptic ulcer.
Increase stress also causes increase acid in the stomach causes indigestion. Serious stress causes increase release of cortisol which increases the appetite.

B) Starvation :

The basic cause of starvation is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The term inanition refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation.
Starvation results from the inadequate intake of nutrients or the inability to metabolize or absorb nutrients, Distrupts the normal indigenous GI track microflora and affect to antibacterial defences, and decreased the lactobacili and decreased metabolism,severe electrolyte imbalance.

C) trauma or surgery:

trauma result in a reduction in protein synthesis and moderate protein degradation. Severe trauma, burns and sepsis result in increased protein degradation. In metabolic response to trauma systemic proteolysis begins especially by the action of glucocorticoids, the catabolism is increased and excretion of urinary nitrogen . the main source of a series of reactions in response to injury and the consequent metabolic state.