Question

Part A:       What class of disease do you feel currently poses the largest health threat?

1. Thoroughly describe why you feel this way. Provide two (2) supporting facts.
2. How has the impact of this disease changed in the last 50 years? Provide two (2) supporting facts.

Part B:       From that class of diseases, choose one disease and answer the following questions:

1. Diagnosis
   1. What causes the disease?
   2. What are the signs of the disease?
   3. What are the symptoms of the disease?
   4. How is it diagnosed?
2. Can the disease be prevented? If so, how?
3. Treatment
   1. What treatment options are available? Describe two (2) options.
   2. What is the prognosis for the patient? Provide one (1) supporting fact.
4. What do epidemiology studies of that disease show? Provide one (1) example.
5. What effect does this disease have on the body’s homeostasis? Provide one (1) supporting fact.

Answer 1

PART A :

1. NIPAH VIRUS possessed a largest health threat currently. Nipah virus is one of the zoonotic disease which spreads from animals to man which cause infection when comes to direct contact with animals such as pigs. I strongly feel Nipah virus has broke the records of all diseases where thousands of people died due to its out burst in the country. After 50 years and more the Nipah virus traces again identified recently in Kerala recently in the year of 2018, where it has killed people of all ages and created a threat on other states and countries regarding its health safety. First fact is it is a communicable disease that is spreads directly from animal to human and human to human, which is not a light issue. As the Government ordered to maintain personal protection practices it has heighten its roots deeper than imagined. Second fact is that once the infection attached to the person the final stage is death to the person, due to weakening of immune system of humans.

2. The first fact is that, it is a transmission of disease from bats indirectly, and from pigs directly. It had become a biggest health threat in human population for its direct transmission of infection from one person to another through direct transmission, where many lives gone within a fraction of minutes each day due its tremendous effect on immune system. It has changed total livelihood of peoples in the shadow of fear

The second fact is that, this disease spreads very fastly from one place to another by bats where normal lives are altered and Government of Kerala made a strict ban on not allowing outside people to Kerala and inside people of Kerala should not go outside the place. Due to treatment delay or increase in the spread of disease it made to out burst disease in all areas of kerala.

PART B :

(a) CAUSES OF NIPAH VIRUS :

* Infected food from bats biting

* Consuming of foods contaminated with bats sputum (berries, palm, etc)

* Eating raw pork from pigs

(b) SYMPTOMS :

* Fever

* Headache

* Respiratory difficulty

* Muscle weakness

* Drowsiness

* Seizures

* Repeated infections

* Final stage is death

(c) DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS :

* ELISA test

* RT- PCR (Real time polymerase chain reaction) test

* Culturing of cerebrospinal fluid

* Urine tests

* Blood examinations

* Detection of antibody specific test.