Question

Response Questions Part A To B A. Include the major problem of this article B. Include the specific question you are tıying to answer of this article Author summary Human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical disea (NTDs) controlled or eliminated by innovative and intensified disease management (IDM). We estimated the economic impact of meeting the 2020 targets defined by the WHO for NTD controlVelimination, reinforced by the tematic literature review identified infomation on productivity 1 disease cases with estimated productivity losses and OPPs resulting from the diseases, from the perspective affected individuals. Very little information about OPPs and productivity loss due to NTDs was found in the literature. The total global productivity gained by reaching the goals for the four IDM-NTDs was IS 23.1 billion in the period 2011-2020 and IS 35.9 billion in the period 2021-2030. The reduction in OPPs was IS 14 billion and IS 18 billion for the same periods. In order to estimate the economic impact of meeting the London declaration targets regarding four IDM-NTDs, we had to combine data from various sources, heterogeneous background, and variable quality. Nevertheless, based on conservative assumptions and subsequent uncertainty analyses, we estimate that th benefits of achieving the targets are nearly double the required investments by endemic country governments and their development partners to reach the 2020 target Introduction Disadvantaged populations from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) often have to deal with the health and economic con sequences of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which can often aggravate their stuggles to avoid poverty. Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are still di fl(1.li and can Iv ies maaungre and $15 anlahk:飶9馥les are limernitalles fa tuse 10. 120 yen 憱:ales s we inve eet mîml programmes. They should be controlled or eliminated by "innovative and intensified disease management" (IDM), as promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO). The populations affected by them frequently live in rural or remote areas, thereby limiting access to diagnosis and treatment of both the disease as well as the disabilities they Efforts of many private and public sector organizations have aimed at increasing the attention, as well as research and funding, given to NTDs. One of the results was the 2012 London Declaration, based on targets set out in the WHO Roadmap for the control and elimination of 10 NTDs by the year 2020 Compared to studies of the epidem iology and health consequences of NTDs, relatively few studies have examined the impact of NTDs on the productivity and out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) of individuals, households communities and countries. There is clear evidence that health improvements positively influence economic welfare and vice-versa. In this sense, apart from addressing the human fundamental right to the highest attainable standard of health, controlling and eliminating NTDs would also have a direct and sustainable effect on the economic growth and financial welfare of the affected populations, and consequently lead to greater national and global prosperity. Advances in understanding the economic consequences of NTDs could help to further encourage prevention and control actions, assuring funders and policymakers that resources committed to these efforts are a good investment, or at least resulting in increased health policy dialogu We estimated the economic benefits of reaching the 2020 WHO targets for four IDM diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and visceral leishm aniasis, which meant estimating how much of the economic loss faced by affected individuals due to productivity loss and out-of-pocket payments secondary to these diseases would be avoided by reaching these targets.

Answer 1

A. The major problem of this article tropical diseases such as Human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas diseases are neglected which which leads to disadvantaged population from low and middle income countries suffering with health and economic consequences of these neglected tropical diseases. These diseases intensifies their struggle to avoid poverty also because these diseases are difficult and costly to manage and the available tools are unsuitable for large scale prevention.

B. The specific question that the author is trying to address in this article is that what are the economic benefits of reaching the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) targets for the four Intensified Disease Management (IDM) diseases namely Human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease and the impact of these neglected tropical diseases on the productivity and out of pocket payments of individuals, households, communities and countries.