Question

List three ways to use Bandura's self-efficacy theory to reduce stress

Answer 1

Ans) Bandura (1977)
- "Perceived capability" -- what we think we are capable of

- Individual's perceptions about their abilities to engage in specific behaviors

- Situation-specific form of self-confidence

Self-efficacy theory:

- The belief someone has in themselves to be able to do a task well and their ability to achieve a goal. Emphasises that the individual has the power to bring about an effect, encourages self motivation and includes self-confidence.

• Four Primary Sources of Self-Efficacy:

1. Past performance accomplishments (mastery experiences)
2. Vicarious experiences
3. Social persuasion
4. Physiological/emotional states

- The way the individual interprets his or her feelings of arousal. In stressful situations, people with low self-efficacy may interpret nausea and fear as lack of ability, whereas people with high self-efficacy think these signs are normal reactions to adrenaline.

- Lower self-efficacy leads to more stress.
Individuals with high self-efficacy more likely to blame external reasons rather than themselves.

- Bandura suggested those with high self-efficacy see themselves as able to control their own destiny, and have control over their lives.

- People with strong self-efficacy see difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered, set goals and maintain strong commitment to attaining them, approach difficult situations with confidence, are less prone to depression and stress.