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Food-borne illness during pregnancy

1. What foodborne pathogen has been associated with stillbirths? ( i need 3 to 5 sentences)
2. _____________________
3. What foods have been suspected of carrying the pathogen? ( i need 3 to 5 sentences)
4. ________________________
5. Suggest methods of prevention of foodborne illness from this cause? ( i need 3 to 5 sentences)

Answer 1

WHAT IS MEANT BY FOOD-BORNE ILLNESSES?

Food-borne illness is a food-borne disease caused by eating infected contaminated food or occurs when the pregnant mother get exposed to harmful organisms and certain types of bacteria, parasites, viruses or toxins through eating or swallowing contaminated food or water.

WHAT FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH STILLBIRTHS?

There are a few serious infections that can get a pregnant mother through contaminated food which can harm the pregnancy. The most common agents that causing problems in pregnant mother are a) listeriosis b) toxoplasmosis c) salmonellosis and d) campylobacteriosis.

LISTERIOSIS: It is a form of infection caused due to the consumption of food containing the bacteria called Listeria monocytogenes. It is easily occurs in individuals with a weakened immunity and in pregnant women. It has the ability to survive in unfavorable conditions like refrigeration temperature, food preservatives ( salt) and conditions with low or little oxygen level. It can be prevented by cooking.

TOXOPLASMOSIS: It is caused by the parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. This infection affect the pregnant mothers when consuming undercooked meat of mutton, pork etc.

SALMONELLOSIS:

It is a common form of infection and spreads through direct or indirect contact. Not all types of salmonella infects pregnant women but a type of salmonella called Salmonella typhi (if transmitted to the fetus) can cause abortion, still birth or premature labor.

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS: This is caused by a bacteria called Campylobacter jejuni which causes an infection called campylobacteriosis. It is specifically seen in the intestinal tract of the chicken causing diarrhea accompanied by fever. This bacteria can result in abortion, still birth or preterm delivery if the infection from this bacteria transmits to the placenta.

WHAT FOODS HAVE BEEN SUSPECTED OF CARRYING THE PATHOGEN?

a) Raw or soft-cooked eggs are the most common cause of Salmonella infection in pregnant women. It presents with fever and other gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting and a few cases may end up with intrauterine sepsis.

b) Raw or undercooked- seafoods ( contains listeriosis) should be avoided and also limit the consumption of high mercury fish and shellfish, including fresh tuna and yellowtail.

c) Pregnant mother should avoid other foods like unpasteurized milk, soft-ripened cheeses and other meats and poultry which are undercooked.

METHODS OF PREVENTION OF FOOD-BORNE ILLNESSES FROM THIS CAUSE?

Preventing food-borne illnesses in pregnancy is always important, because the adverse effect can have a direct impact on the mother and the unborn child. There are several methods to prevent this during pregnancy period. They are:

a) Heating and cooking is the best way to prevent from all this diseases. Moreover, improved living standards and surveillance can also reduce the prevalence of contaminated foods at grocery stores.

b) The food that is obtained from the stores should be stored, handled and cooked properly and it is important that these foods should be consumed within a couple of days of purchasing. This can avoid the pathogens to enter into the body of pregnant mother and can save the life of the child from abortion or other complications.

c) The foods such as meat, poultry and eggs should be fully cooked before consumption to avoid infection entering into the fetus.