Question

Parses theory of human becoming What challenges exist for healthcare institutions to switch to this nursing approach?

Answer 1

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse is one of the most recent nursing theoreticians. In 1981, she published the book Nursing Fundamentals, in which she presented her ideas, proposing the nursing subject based on human sciences.⁵She obtained an M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh and is currently serving as a lecturer at Loyola University in Chicago; she is the founder and editor of Nursing Science Quarterly and the president of Discovery International and the Institute of Human Becoming. Also, she has authored eight books and different papers.¹⁰

Parse inserted two paradigms into the discussion of nursing theories, the totality paradigm, in which man is the sum of system and considered as a bio-psycho-social-spiritual being, who interacts with the environment through internal and external stimuli. The second is the simultaneity paradigm, in which man is a "unitary being in a mutual inter-relationship with the environment, and health is the negentropic development", considered as a reactive process to obtain energy reserves in order to stop the entropic process.

The nursing paradigm represents global ideas about individuals, groups, situations and phenomena of interest to this discipline (Fawcett, 1995). It explains the nature of human beings, their relationship with the environment, and the human-universal-health processes (Fawcett, 1993; Parse, 2000). The nursing philosophers, based on their philosophies, offered various paradigms that contribute to the development of nursing knowledge. Each of these paradigms have their own importance and focuses on different methods of inquiries and practice in the nursing discipline .