Question

Describe how communicable and noncommunicable diseases impact the burden of disease. Include in your description, the effect of migration on the burden of disease as it relates to communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

Answer 1

Communicable diseases:- communicable diseases is contagious. Communicable disaease transmitted from the infected host to another by direct contact or vector born contact.for example,tuberculosis,hiv,zika,flu,ebola,measels,rabies,mrsa,pertusis etc.

Noncommunicable disease:-non communicable disease is a type of disease which is not transmitted through direct contact. They are not passed from person to person. Communicable disease typically of long duraton and progress slowly. For example, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, lung cancer, skin cancer, seizures etc.

Burden of communcable and non communicable disease: developed and developing countries are facing the double burden of communicable and non communicable disease.developing countries are more exposed and more vulnerable due to a multitude of factors.

Non communicable disease like cancer, diabetes, pulmonary disease and mental disease are effecting developing countries with an increasing trend.In parallel communicable disease such as hiv, malaria tuberculosis, acute respriratory infection and diarrhoea are causing high mortality rate specially in low and middle income countries.a large part of the burden caused by noncommunicable disease like cardiovascular disease, cancer, dibetes, obesity and others can be avoided by preventive measures by early diagnosis and detection. Similarly the impact of communicable disease can be alleviated by efficient strategies, including devlopment of new vaccines and medicines,improvent of environmental conditions.

Migration:-simply meaning of migration is movement of people from one place to another place.

Effect of migration on communicable disease:-infectious disease continue to represent major causes of deathand morbidity due to droplet infection diarrhoea and hiv infection the risk of infectious disease acquisition in those source nations are manifest in certain immigrant and migrant population after they move to their new destination. As migration continue in an increasingly globalized world, health care providers at the primary care and specialist level cam expect to b faced with the challenges of recognition, diagnosis and management of diseases that are themselves the consequence of international fectors.

Effect of migration on non communicable disease:-non commincable disease are commom cause of preventable morbidity and mortality.

Refugees and migrants with non communicable disease may be more vulnerable due to the condition prevalent during their travel.

Characteristics that can make people more vulnerable when they are migrants:-

1.require the provision of continuous care over a l9ng time, often for life

2. Can be associated with accute complications that require medical care incure health costs and may limit functions affect daily activities and reduce life expectancy.

3.may require palliative care

4.necessitate coordination of care provision and follow up among various providers and settings.

Impact of sudden migration on health:-

Physical injuries, forced displacements,, degradtion of living condition, interruption of care, interruption of power suplly of safe water.

Needs of migrants with communicable disease:-

Identify individuals with NCDS to ensure continuing access to the treatment they were receiving before they travel.

When treatment for NCDS are not available establish clear standrad operatingprocedures for referral.

All primary health care facilities have clear standrad operating procedures for referral of patients with NCDS to secondary and tertiary care facilities.