Question

o Structure of the heart o Physiology of the heart o Diseases of the heart (at least one disease) o Physiological functions of the blood o Blood Components and blood elements o Diseases of the heart (at least one disease)

Answer 1

ANSWERS :

1. STRUCTURE OF HEART :

* Human heart is located at the center of chest, below sternum in a thoracic cavity.

* The human heart is mainly divide into 4 chambers. They are - two atria and two ventricles

* The two Atria receive oxygen free blood and the two ventricles pump oxygen rich blood to all the parts of the body.

* The valves which separate upper two atria are known as Atrioventricular valves

* The valves which separate downward two ventricles is known as Semilunar valves, which consist of pulmonary valve and aortic valve.

* Heart comprises of 3 layers. They are - 1. Epicardium (outer layer of heart) 2. Myocardium (Inner layer of heart) 3. Endocardium (Inner layer of heart)

* Two types of blood vessels are present in heart, they are Arteries and Veins

* Aorta is the largest artery in the heart, which divides into small arteries called as Iliac arteries.

2. PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART :

Heart is one of the major organ in the body known as Circulatory system or Cardio vascular system in the body. Heart transports nutrients and circulates blood to all parts of the body. The pumping of blood cycle by the heart is known as Cardiac cycle. Normal heart rate in the adults is 72 beats/minute

* The circulated blood enters into right atrium, then enters into right ventricle

* From ventricle blood enters into lungs for refilling of oxygen and releasing of carbon dioxide, from there transfers to left chambers of heart.

* Redistribution of blood takes place where 5.6 liters of blood distribute in the body in the form of 3 cardiac cycles per minute

* Heart sounds develop during the cardiac cycle, can be heard as LUB , DUB sounds

* Systolic blood pressure occurs when tricuspid valve and mitral valves closed, and diastolic blood pressure occurs when aorta and pulmonary valves close.

3. DISEASES OF THE HEART :

1. Coronary artery disease

2. Congenital heart disease

3. Heart attack