Question

Louis, a 60-year-old male, has not been feeling himself lately. He has been drowsy and fatigued. He becomes short of breath walking from one room to the next. On a recent visit, his daughter noticed that he seemed to be scratching a lot. His legs, ankles, and feet were extremely swollen and his shortness of breath was becoming worse. He began to complain of chest pain, and was immediately taken to emergency room. A review of Louis’ medical history revealed that he was currently being treated for a urinary tract infection. His infection was resistant to the antibiotics that he was initially treated with. He began treatment with gentamicin 5 days ago. Physical examination confirmed the observations of Louis’ daughter. A urinary catheter was placed in Louis’ bladder in order to determine urine output. A sample was sent to the laboratory for analysis. His urine analysis showed cloudy, dark urine. Casts were seen. A diagnosis of acute renal failure due to nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was made.

What are the clinical manifestations of pain that Louis demonstrates and how can Louis be diagnosed?

Answer 1

#The diagnosis is left heart failure.

The symptoms of left heart failure are-

1.fatigue or tiredness.

2.shortness of breath.

3. Weakness

4. Swelling in the legs,ankle.

5.chest pain

The patient showing the above symptoms.so following ATN the persistent right heart failure develops.then left heart failure.

#The clinical manifestations of chest pain are-

1.pain or discomfort in both arms ,sense of chest pressure.

2.pain in back,jaw,neck, stomach