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Please help write DSM 5 criteria including signs and symptoms. And evidence based treatments on Neuroleptic...

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write DSM 5 criteria including signs and symptoms. And evidence based treatments

on Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome, Serotonin Syndrome, and Dystonia

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Answer #1

Neuroleptic Malignent syndrome

According to DSM 5 criteria ,NMS is diagnosed by the existance of 2 or more of the following

  1. Fever,muscular rigidity
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Elevated white blood count
  4. Altered consciousness
  5. Tremor
  6. Urinary and fecal incontinence
  7. Sweating
  8. Rigidity
  9. CPK elevation
  10. Blood pressure elevation

Evidence based treatment

  • Stop offering the antipsychotic medication
  • Rapid cooling
  • Dantrolene
  • Bromocriptine
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Amantidine

Seratonin syndrome

DSM diagnostic criteria

Mental status changes

  • Agitated delirium
  • Restlessness
  • Disorientation
  • Anxiety
  • mood changes

Autonomic disturbances

  • Diaphoresis
  • Tachycardia
  • Hyperthermia
  • Hypertension
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea

Neuromuscular disturbances

  • Deep tendon hyper reflexia
  • Tremor
  • Muscular rigidity
  • Ataxia
  • Myoclonus

Treatment

  • Prompt detection of seratonin syndrome and discontinuation of offending drug
  • Control of hyperthermia
  • Benzodiazipines
  • Cyproheptadine

Dystonia

Dystonia is a movement disorder of muscle contractions causing abnormal and repetitive movements,postures,or both. Dystonic movements characterized by twisting and tremulous.It is initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with over muscle activation.

Treatment

Acute dystonic reactions-

  • Diphenyl hydramine
  • Benztropine

Ongoing treatment

  • Leodopa
  • Botulinum neurotoxins
  • Antispasmodic treatment
  • Physical therapy
  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Trans cutaneous electrical nerve simulation
  • Exercises and muscle stretching to prevent contractures
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