Question

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Please help to write Flash cards should include: DSM 5 criteria including signs and symptoms. And evidence based treatments

Also include cards on Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome, Serotonin Syndrome, and Dystonia

Answer 1

Answer :

DSM 5 criteria is the 2013 update to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome :

It is a life threatening reaction to antipsychotic agents .

Present with muscle rigidity and tremor ,altered level of conscious ness , hypertension and fever .

Symptoms :

1. Onset within 30 days of starting causative agent .
2. Classic triad : fever , muscle rigidity and altered level of consciousness .
3. Neurologic findings : diffuse muscle rigidity , muscle tremor , altered level of conscious ness , bradykinesia and brady reflexia.
4. Autonomic dysfunction : high fever , diaphoresis , hypertension and tachy cardia.

DSM criteria :

• Major criteria : exposure to dopamine blocking agent , severe muscle rigidity and fever .
• Other criteria : diaphoresis , dysphagia , tremor , incontinence , altered level of consciousness , mutism, tachycardia , elevated or labile blood pressure, leukocytosis and creatine phosphokinase increase.

Treatment :

Correct the causative factors : withdraw causative antipsychotic medication immediately .

Lower the temperature.

Fluid and electrolytes .

Supportive care .

Control hypertension.

Benzodiazepines For agitation.

Dantroline

Agents with dopamine activity that have been used in NMS like bromocriptine , amantadine , levodopa and apomorphine.

Serotonin syndrome :

It is a rare inhalational anesthetic related rapid rise in body temperature , muscle rigidity ,hypertension and tachypnea.

Signs and symptoms :

• Hyperthermia
• Muscle rigidity .
• Hypertension .
• Tachypnea.

Treatment :

Dantrolene : ault dose : 1 to 3 mg per kg iv ., child dose : 0.5 to 1 mg per kg iv.

Supportive measures are benzodiazepines , cooling.

Dystonia :

Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person muscles contract uncontrollably .

The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily ,resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures .