Effect of acetic acid and fluconazole in the expression of ADY2a, ADY2b, FPS1, FPS2, and ATO3 in C. glabrata ATCC 2001 planktonic (A) and biofilm cells (B). Cells and biofilms were grown in two different conditions: RPMI pH 5.0 and RPMI 0.5% acetic acid at pH 5.0. Legend displays fluconazole concentrations used. Gene expression was calculated using ΔCT method and normalized to PGK1 gene. Error bars represent SD. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ means that results are statistically significant (p < 0.05), (p < 0.01), and (p < 0.001), respectively.
Candida glabrata susceptibility to antifungals and phagocytosis is modulated by acetate
Abstract
Candida glabrata is considered a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The capacity of this yeast species to cause infections is dependent on the ability to grow within the human host environment and to assimilate the carbon sources available. Previous studies have suggested that C. albicans can encounter glucose-poor microenvironments during infection and that the ability to use alternative non-fermentable carbon sources, such as carboxylic acids, contributes to the virulence of this fungus. Transcriptional studies on C. glabrata cells identified a similar response, upon nutrient deprivation. In this work, we aimed at analyzing biofilm formation, antifungal drug resistance, and phagocytosis of C. glabrata cells grown in the presence of acetic acid as an alternative carbon source. C. glabrata planktonic cells grown in media containing acetic acid were more susceptible to fluconazole and were better phagocytosed and killed by macrophages than when compared to media lacking acetic acid. Growth in acetic acid also affected the ability of C. glabrata to form biofilms. The genes ADY2a, ADY2b, FPS1, FPS2, and ATO3, encoding putative carboxylate transporters, were upregulated in C. glabrata planktonic and biofilm cells in the presence of acetic acid. Phagocytosis assays with fps1 and ady2a mutant strains suggested a potential role of FPS1 and ADY2a in the phagocytosis process. These results highlight how acidic pH niches, associated with the presence of acetic acid, can impact in the treatment of C. glabrata infections, in particular in vaginal candidiasis.
candida glabrata info, any info about it just do the graph and explain this Results You...
candida glabrata info, any info about it just do the graph and explain this Results You will actually want to decide what you intend to show in your results before you work through your materials and methods. You have to first ask yourself, "What am I trying to prove?" before you can work out, Here's how I'm going to go about proving it." You will need at least two graphs for your results, which means that you need at least...
any graph that show information about candida glabrata, any info is fine I just need to follow the requirements For your results, you will need at least two graphs. For each graph that you intend to develop, provide the following information: Graph Title * Label name for X-axis Label name for y-axis What the data in your graph will show What type of graph you intend to use (line graph, bar graph) and why
any graph that show information about candida glabrata, any info is fine I just need to follow the requirements For your results, you will need at least two graphs. For each graph that you intend to develop, provide the following information: Graph Title . Label name for x-axis Label name for y-axis What the data in your graph will show What type of graph you intend to use (line graph, bar graph) and why any graph that show information about...
Briefly describe your study about candida glabrata. State your hypothesis/research question. Indicate how you intend to answer this question and what are your expected results.
the study is candida glabrata! I just have to state the hypothesis/research question, how I intent to answer it and my expected results thanks Briefly describe your study. State your hypothesis/research question. Indicate how you intend to answer this question and what are your expected results.
Pls I need to do an outline about a research about candida glabrata, with bullet points to indicate main ideas, it has to be 1-2 pages, 4 or 5 paragraphs, and it has to include scientific and cultural/historical aspects please and thank you Based on information you have acquired write an outline fora literature review that includes background information relevant to your research question. Use bullet points to indicate the main ideas. The ideas have to be organized in logical...
candida glabrata Write the materials and methods section AND the resalts section of your paper. These seetions work hand-in-hand. Irn materials and methods, you explain in detail what you used to conduct your study (materials) and how you conducted your study (methods). In results, you present the data that you collected by conducting your study. Usually, this takes the form of graphs. Further instructions below A materials and methods section is like a recipe- every detail must be included and...
Hello, I did this essay but I need to change the graphs, just read the essay and do 2 or three graphs that can explain what I’m talking about, please do it on word or excel, not in a paper please and thank you Candida Glabrata MATERIALS AND METHODS The study will assume a qualitative study design, in which the data collected will not have directly quantifiable variables but will be based on an evaluation based on a review of...
Unsure on how to do this Robot Portfolio, explain and answer some if you can :). Intro-Congratulations! You have been selected by an engineering firm to design their newest robotic prototype. As of this moment, it is your job to come up with a purpose for the robot and incorporate various types of conic sections into its design. Task 1- Respond to the following questions. 1. What will your robot be able to do? 2. Which conic sections do you...
In this lab you will investigate how to accurately interpret and draw position, velocity and acceleration graphs for common situations and explain their reasoning. Please go to the following website: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/moving-man. Click on the 4 button to start the simulation. You may need to install Java if your computer does not have it. 1. Go to the charts tab. Get yourself familiar with the simulation interface. Investigate Moving Man by having the man move using the sliders. Use the playback...