Question

candida glabrata info, any info about it just do the graph and explain this

Results You will actually want to decide what you intend to show in your results before you work through your materials and methods. You have to first ask yourself, "What am I trying to prove?" before you can work out, Here's how I'm going to go about proving it." You will need at least two graphs for your results, which means that you need at least two dependent variables. For each graph, write a detailed description of what the graph shows. Do not interpret the data yet; that's what your conclusion is for. Simply explain in black and white what the graphs are showing.

Answer 1

Effect of acetic acid and fluconazole in the expression of ADY2a, ADY2b, FPS1, FPS2, and ATO3 in C. glabrata ATCC 2001 planktonic (A) and biofilm cells (B). Cells and biofilms were grown in two different conditions: RPMI pH 5.0 and RPMI 0.5% acetic acid at pH 5.0. Legend displays fluconazole concentrations used. Gene expression was calculated using ΔCT method and normalized to PGK1 gene. Error bars represent SD. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ means that results are statistically significant (p < 0.05), (p < 0.01), and (p < 0.001), respectively.

RPMI 0.5% acetic acid RPMI 140 120 100 80 130 20 10 ADY2a ADY2b FPS1 FPS2 ATO3 ADY2a ADY2 FPS1 FPS2 ATO3 RPMI 0.5% acetic acid RPMI 140 120 100 80 50 30 LL 10 ATO3 ATO3 ADY2a FPS1 ADY2a

Candida glabrata susceptibility to antifungals and phagocytosis is modulated by acetate

Abstract

Candida glabrata is considered a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The capacity of this yeast species to cause infections is dependent on the ability to grow within the human host environment and to assimilate the carbon sources available. Previous studies have suggested that C. albicans can encounter glucose-poor microenvironments during infection and that the ability to use alternative non-fermentable carbon sources, such as carboxylic acids, contributes to the virulence of this fungus. Transcriptional studies on C. glabrata cells identified a similar response, upon nutrient deprivation. In this work, we aimed at analyzing biofilm formation, antifungal drug resistance, and phagocytosis of C. glabrata cells grown in the presence of acetic acid as an alternative carbon source. C. glabrata planktonic cells grown in media containing acetic acid were more susceptible to fluconazole and were better phagocytosed and killed by macrophages than when compared to media lacking acetic acid. Growth in acetic acid also affected the ability of C. glabrata to form biofilms. The genes ADY2a, ADY2b, FPS1, FPS2, and ATO3, encoding putative carboxylate transporters, were upregulated in C. glabrata planktonic and biofilm cells in the presence of acetic acid. Phagocytosis assays with fps1 and ady2a mutant strains suggested a potential role of FPS1 and ADY2a in the phagocytosis process. These results highlight how acidic pH niches, associated with the presence of acetic acid, can impact in the treatment of C. glabrata infections, in particular in vaginal candidiasis.