A case-control study examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD among children. The investigators decided to match the cases and controls by the mother’s level of education. What is the effect of matching in this study? Choose the best answer.
Several approaches used to control different methods and cohort
provides strong evidence. There were 3 different negative control
approaches control design was used parents smoking during
pregnancy, grandmother smoking when mother was pregnant, maternal
smoking during a previous pregnancy.
Cohort study includes more than 1,11,000 children, 95,000 mothers,
and 75,000 fathers. the study excluded children with congenital
malformations and with multiple births from the analysis.
Sibling control analysis added in the statistical analysis
performed twice with and without imputations on the 5 year ADHD
controlled for maternal parity, age and child's birth year. The
total sample included 104846 children with 2035 children with ADHD.
Results show <1% were 7 years and lesser and 4.3% among 14years
old. There is a low ratio of ADHD in young children. In the null
hypothesis the maternal smoking during pregnancy equally associated
with offspring ADHD.
Sibling analysis associated with the mother reported ADHD symptoms
associated with smoking during pregnancy. strongly related to
offspring birth weight in negative controls. There was strong
evidence that maternal smoking and offspring birth weight in
siblings discordant for maternal smoking.
A case-control study examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD among children. The...
Returning to the same study examining the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and congenital malformations (among children who suffer from an abnormality other than Down's Syndrome or an oral cleft, 32.8% have mothers who smoked during pregnancy), consider children born with an oral cleft. In a random sample of 27 such infants, 15 have mothers who smoked during pregnancy. a) What is a point estimate for p? Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion. b) Conduct the...
Briefly explain how epigenesis can explain the link between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk for ADHD in children?
A case-control study of the relationship between asthma and a history of pertussis vaccination among children (2-3 years old) was conducted in one community. Although overall participation was good, not all parents of cases and controls could be interviewed. A difference in the proportion interviewed based on case/control status (asthma/no asthma) and based on day care enrollment was identified by the investigators. Only 63% of control parents with a child enrolled in day care could be interviewed, versus 82% of...
Returning to the same study examining the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and congenital malformations, consider children born with an oral cleft. In a random sample of 27 such infants, 15 have mothers who smoked during pregnancy. b) You would like to know whether the proportion of mothers who smoked during pregnancy for children with an oral cleft is identical to the proportion of mothers who smoked for children with other types of malformations. What is the null hypothesis...
A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and congenital malformation. Consider children born with an oral cleft. In a random sample of 27 such infants, 15 have mothers who smoked during pregnancy. What is a point estimate of population proportion, ?? Construct a 95% confidence interval for ?. You would like to know whether the proportion of mothers who smoked during pregnancy for children with an oral cleft is identical to the proportion of...
A case-control study was conducted to determine the association between smoking and coronary heart disease. The investigators found an odds ratio of 1.8 for coronary heart disease among subjects who smoked compared to those who didn’t smoke. The 95% confidence interval for this odds ratio was 0.8-4.3 and the P-value was 0.10. 1. State in words your interpretation of the odds ratio. 2. State in words your interpretation of the 95% confidence interval. 3. State in words your interpretation of...
Lung Cancer & Smoking Case Study A causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was first suspected in the 1920s on the basis of clinical observations. To test this apparent association, numerous epidemiologic studies were undertaken between 1930 and 1960. Two studies were conducted by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill in Great Britain The first was a case-control study begun in 1947 over a 4-year period (April 1948-February 1952). Initially, 20 hospitals, and later more, were asked to...
1 pts A cohort study examined the association between smoking and lung cancer after following 400 smokers and 600 non-smokers for 15 years. At the conclusion of the study the investigators found a relative risk 1. How would you interpret this relative risk? Does the Exposure increase, decrease, or does not increase risk of illness?
Lung Cancer & Smoking Case Study A causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was first suspected in the 1920s on the basis of clinical observations. To test this apparent association, numerous epidemiologic studies were undertaken between 1930 and 1960. Two studies were conducted by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill in Great Britain. The first was a case-control study begun in 1947 comparing the smoking habits of lung cancer patients with the smoking habits of other patients. The...
A case control study was conducted in Alabama to find out whether exposure to antibiotic during pregnancy resulted in risk of child developing eosinophilic esophagitis. Investigators selected 300 cases of women who has child with eosinophilic esophagitis and 600 controls. The study found that 110 case mothers and 60 control mothers reported using antibiotics during pregnancy. Set up a two-by-two table for this data Calculate the odds ratio. State in words your interpretation of this odds ratio.