Question

9. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) 9.1 What is TPN? (15 -30 words) 9.2 When would it be used? (30-60 words) 9.3 How is it administered (30-60 words) 9.4 List 4(four) signs and symptoms to watch for at the insertion site? 10. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/CPAP 10.1 List 4(four) nursing interventions for a client diagnosed with Sleep Apnoea and receiving CPAP 10.2 When would it be necessary to consult with an RN regarding a client diagnosed with Sleep Apnoea and receiving CPAP?

Answer 1

9,9.1, TPN is Total parenteral nutrition. Parenteral is the route for providing nutrition through other than the digestive tract. TPN patients can not get their nutrition through their digestive tract, there may be any dysfunction. TPN administered through the vein for maintaining adequate nutrition.
9.2, Fluids and nutritions should be given to patients through a large vein to fulfill the needs of patient nutrition status. TPN used when a patient can not take feeding through the mouth. different types of catheters used as per patient TPN needs and duration of the treatment. It includes all nutrients elements like protein, fat, vitamin, minerals and carbohydrates. when the patient can not eat through the mouth or any absorption issues like short bowel syndrome or digestive tract dysfunction to maintain nutrition needs patient needs TPN.
9.3, TPN administered through a central line or port-a-cath. TPN nutrition calories care calculated using a formula. Initially starting dose on a continuous cycle over a 24 hours period, if patient tolerated well can be maintained with 12 hours infusion cycle. TPN comes in 2 to 3 liters bag. one bag per day is permitted. bag connected to an infusion pump. The medical and pharmacy team set a special amount of time for the TPN infusion. It fits in a small backpack it should be worn by the patient or should be hanged near to the patient.
9.4, Signs and symptoms should be watched on the insertion site include catheter-related bloodstream infection or sepsis this is due to high dextrose concentration. Assess the central venous catheter site for redness, tenderness or drainage to avoid infection. follow strict aseptic technique during catheter insertion and care.