Value of assets = $2.3 million + 10% of $2.3 million = $2.53
million or $2530000
Salvage Value = $460000
Useful Life = 5 years
1. Interest Expense = $2070000 x 6% = $124200
2.
a. Straight Line Depreciation = (Original Value - Salvage Value) /
Useful Life
= ($2530000 - $460000) / 5 = $414000 per year
Year | Beginning Book Value | Depreciation | Accumulated Depreciation | Ending Book Value |
1 | $ 2,530,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 2,116,000.00 |
2 | $ 2,116,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 1,702,000.00 |
3 | $ 1,702,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 1,288,000.00 |
4 | $ 1,288,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 874,000.00 |
5 | $ 874,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
b. Double Declining Balance Depreciation = Beginning Book Value
/ Cost of asset x 2 times straight line rate
Straight line rate = 1/5 x 100 = 20%
Maximum Depreciation for the year is such that Ending book value is
not below salvage value
Year | Beginning Book Value | Depreciation | Accumulated Depreciation | Ending Book Value |
1 | $ 2,530,000.00 | $ 1,012,000.00 | $ 1,012,000.00 | $ 1,518,000.00 |
2 | $ 1,518,000.00 | $ 607,200.00 | $ 607,200.00 | $ 910,800.00 |
3 | $ 910,800.00 | $ 364,320.00 | $ 364,320.00 | $ 546,480.00 |
4 | $ 546,480.00 | $ 86,480.00 | $ 86,480.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
5 | $ 460,000.00 | $ - | $ - | $ 460,000.00 |
In 4th 40% of $546480 is $218592, but this will bring ending value lower than $460000, therefore depreciation of only $86480 ($546480 - $460000).
c. Units of Production Depreciation = (Original Value - Book Value) / Total Miles x Miles for the year
Year | Beginning Book Value | Miles per year | Depreciation | Accumulated Depreciation | Ending Book Value |
1 | $ 2,530,000.00 | 15000 | $ 450,000.00 | $ 450,000.00 | $ 2,080,000.00 |
2 | $ 2,080,000.00 | 20000 | $ 600,000.00 | $ 600,000.00 | $ 1,480,000.00 |
3 | $ 1,480,000.00 | 14500 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 1,045,000.00 |
4 | $ 1,045,000.00 | 14500 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 610,000.00 |
5 | $ 610,000.00 | 5000 | $ 150,000.00 | $ 150,000.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
69000 |
3. Times Interest Earned Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales / Average Net Fixed assets
a.
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
a | Sales | $ 2,300,000.00 | $ 2,800,000.00 | $ 3,100,000.00 | $ 3,200,000.00 | $ 3,300,000.00 |
b | EBITDA | $ 1,150,000.00 | $ 1,350,000.00 | $ 1,550,000.00 | $ 1,650,000.00 | $ 1,750,000.00 |
c | Depreciation | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 | $ 414,000.00 |
d | EBIT (b-c) | $ 7,36,000.00 | $ 9,36,000.00 | $ 11,36,000.00 | $ 12,36,000.00 | $ 13,36,000.00 |
e | Interest Expense | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 |
Net Income (d-e) | $ 6,11,800.00 | $ 8,11,800.00 | $ 10,11,800.00 | $ 11,11,800.00 | $ 12,11,800.00 | |
f | Net Fixed Assets | $ 2,116,000.00 | $ 1,702,000.00 | $ 1,288,000.00 | $ 874,000.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
g | Average Net Fixed Assets | $ 1,058,000.00 | $ 1,909,000.00 | $ 1,495,000.00 | $ 1,081,000.00 | $ 667,000.00 |
h | Times Interest Earned Ratio (d/e) | 5.93 | 7.54 | 9.15 | 9.95 | 10.76 |
i | Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio (a/g) | 2.17 | 1.47 | 2.07 | 2.96 | 4.95 |
Net Fixed assets is Ending Book Value as provided above in part
2 (a)
Average Fixed Assets = (Opening + Ending Value) / 2
for 2016 = (0+2116000)/2 = 1058000
for 2017 = (2116000+1702000)/2 = 1909000 and so on
b.
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
a | Sales | $ 2,300,000.00 | $ 2,800,000.00 | $ 3,100,000.00 | $ 3,200,000.00 | $ 3,300,000.00 |
b | EBITDA | $ 1,150,000.00 | $ 1,350,000.00 | $ 1,550,000.00 | $ 1,650,000.00 | $ 1,750,000.00 |
c | Depreciation | $ 1,012,000.00 | $ 607,200.00 | $ 364,320.00 | $ 86,480.00 | $ - |
d | EBIT (b-c) | $ 1,38,000.00 | $ 7,42,800.00 | $ 11,85,680.00 | $ 15,63,520.00 | $ 17,50,000.00 |
e | Interest Expense | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 |
Net Income (d-e) | $ 13,800.00 | $ 6,18,600.00 | $ 10,61,480.00 | $ 14,39,320.00 | $16,25,800.00 | |
f | Net Fixed Assets | $ 1,518,000.00 | $ 910,800.00 | $ 546,480.00 | $ 460,000.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
g | Average Net Fixed Assets | $ 759,000.00 | $ 1,214,400.00 | $ 728,640.00 | $ 503,240.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
h | Times Interest Earned Ratio (d/e) | 1.11 | 5.98 | 9.55 | 12.59 | 14.09 |
i | Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio (a/g) | 3.03 | 2.31 | 4.25 | 6.36 | 7.17 |
Net Fixed assets is Ending Book Value as provided above in part 2
(b)
Average Fixed Assets = (Opening + Ending Value) / 2
for 2016 = (0+1518000)/2 = 759000
for 2017 = (1518000+910800)/2 = 1214400 and so on
c.
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
a | Sales | $ 2,300,000.00 | $ 2,800,000.00 | $ 3,100,000.00 | $ 3,200,000.00 | $ 3,300,000.00 |
b | EBITDA | $ 1,150,000.00 | $ 1,350,000.00 | $ 1,550,000.00 | $ 1,650,000.00 | $ 1,750,000.00 |
c | Depreciation | $ 450,000.00 | $ 600,000.00 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 435,000.00 | $ 150,000.00 |
d | EBIT (b-c) | $ 7,00,000.00 | $ 7,50,000.00 | $ 11,15,000.00 | $ 12,15,000.00 | $ 16,00,000.00 |
c | Interest Expense | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 | $ 1,24,200.00 |
Net Income (d-e) | $ 5,75,800.00 | $ 6,25,800.00 | $ 9,90,800.00 | $ 10,90,800.00 | $14,75,800.00 | |
e | Net Fixed Assets | $ 2,080,000.00 | $ 1,480,000.00 | $ 1,045,000.00 | $ 610,000.00 | $ 460,000.00 |
f | Average Net Fixed Assets | $ 1,040,000.00 | $ 1,780,000.00 | $ 1,262,500.00 | $ 827,500.00 | $ 535,000.00 |
g | Times Interest Earned Ratio (d/e) | 5.64 | 6.04 | 8.98 | 9.78 | 12.88 |
h | Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio (a/g) | 2.21 | 1.57 | 2.46 | 3.87 | 6.17 |
Net Fixed assets is Ending Book Value as provided above in part
2 (c)
Average Fixed Assets = (Opening + Ending Value) / 2
for 2016 = (0+2080000)/2 = 1040000
for 2017 = (2080000+1480000)/2 = 1780000 and so on
4. Since the ratios calculated is higher than the threshold limit
as per covenants under Straight line methods and units of
production method of depreciation, therefore loan covenants is not
violated under these two methods. But Times Interest Earned ratio
is 1.11 for 2016 under Double declining balance method, which is
lower than covenant, therefore loan covenant for double declining
balance method for 2016
C10-1 Calculating Interest and Depreciation Expenses and Effects on Loan Covenant Ratios Zoom Car Corporation (ZCC)...
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