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In metabolic pathways, there are two redox reactions that occur repeatedly: 1. The reduction of a carbonyl- keto or aldehyde- to an alcohol (oxidation of an alcohol to a carbonyl). An example is the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. OH E°-0.19 V pyruvate lactate Question 1: a) b) c) What is the redox potential for the reduction of pyruvate by NADH? What is the ΔGom At equilibrium will more pyruvate be present or more lactate?

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