Question

Our lab today revolves around Character Strings (C-Strings) which are essentially character arrays. We’ll be writing two functions that will output the number of vowels and consonants in a user inputted string. We’ll be using functions from the cstring library, so be sure to include it! We’ll be calling those functions method_one and method_two. To start off, declare a character array (with no size) called vowels and initialize it with “aeiouyAEIOUY” in our main function. Declare a character array with size 100 and call it u_string. Using the getline() function from iostream, you will use it to get a string from the user. So in main we should have the following statements:
char vowels[] = “ aeiouyAEIOUY”; char u_string[SIZE]; // SIZE is a global constant integer initialized with a value of 100
cout << “Please enter a string to determine the number of vowels and consonants it has:\n”; cin.getline(u_string, SIZE); method_one(vowels, u_string); method_two(vowels, u_string);
Our two functions will take in vowels and u_string so they will have function prototypes like so:
void method_one(char vow[], char usr_str[]); void method_two(char vow[], char usr_str[]);
The first method is using the strchr function from the cstring library. This function takes in the string to be searched (our c-string containing our vowels) as the first argument and our character as the second argument (from the user inputted string). The function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of that character in vowels character array. If it doesn’t find that character in our vowels c-string, then it returns a null pointer (nullptr). We need to check if the value returned is not a null pointer, if it’s not then we increment our counter that holds the number of vowels of our user inputted string has. If it is, then we increment our counter that holds the number of consonants of our user inputted string. So you’ll have to iterate through every single character in our usr_str character array and check them individually if they a letter first (using the isalpha function from cstring). If they are a letter, then we check if it’s a vowel or a consonant

Answer 1

C++ PROGRAM:

#include <cstring>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int SIZE = 100;

void method_one(char vow[], char usr_str[]);

void method_two(char vow[], char usr_str[]);

int main() {

    char vowels[] = "aeiouyAEIOUY";

    char u_string[SIZE];  // SIZE is a global constant integer initialized with a value of 100

    cout << "Please enter a string to determine the number of vowels and consonants it has :\n";

    cin.getline(u_string, SIZE);

    method_one(vowels, u_string);

    method_two(vowels, u_string);

    return 0;

}

void method_one(char vow[], char usr_str[]) {

    int vowels = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(usr_str); i++) {

        if (isalpha(usr_str[i]) && strchr(vow, usr_str[i]) != NULL)

            vowels++;

    }

    cout << "Number of vowels in the user string: " << vowels << endl;

}

void method_two(char vow[], char usr_str[]) {

    int consonants = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(usr_str); i++) {

        if (isalpha(usr_str[i]) && strchr(vow, usr_str[i]) == NULL)

            consonants++;

    }

    cout << "Number of consonants in the user string: " << consonants << endl;

}

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

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