Question

What key features characterised the first land plants, allowing them to survive in a terrestrial environment? In what order (first to last) did seeds, vascular tissue, stomata and carpels evolve in early land plants?

Answer 1

Plant kingdom :-- Kingdom consists of thouands and millions of plants or green organism.

First were:--

1. Non Embryophytes(Embryo less) :-- Algae

2. Embryophytes(Embryo carrying):-- Bryophytes(First land plants), Pteridophytes, Gymnosperm, Angiosperms.

Now take a look on,

Algae :-- First green plants but of aquatic type. They don't have vascular system, roots etc.

Now algae in past time was spreaded over a large aquatic area so competition was much. So, To lower or avoid competiton they need to change this water habit and then they developed root like, green appendages or leaf like structures and no vascular tissue. They are now known as Bryophytes. Due to less competition, they spread over a large area. Some of them like Antheceros have symbiotic relationship with Cyanobacteria. Due to these facilities, they were the first land plants.

Order of evolution in these parts:--

Vascular tissue(First in Pteridophyte), Stomata, Carpels, Seeds(Gymnosperm, angiopserm).