Question

Discuss Joule-Thompson effect with relevant examples and formulae.

Please answer by being in depth and specific with examples. Thank you so much in advance!

Answer 1

In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect, or Joule–Thomson expansion) describes the temperature change of a gas or liquid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while kept insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.This procedure is called a throttling process or Joule–Thomson process.For example , At room temperature, all gases except hydrogen, helium and neon cool upon expansion by the Joule–Thomson process; these three gases experience the same effect but only at lower temperatures.

the formula for Joule-Thompson effect is

The rate of change of temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule–Thomson process (that is, at constant enthalpy ) is the Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient $\mu_{\mathrm{JT}}$. This coefficient can be expressed in terms of the gas's volume , its heat capacity at constant pressure $C_{\mathrm{p}}$, and its coefficient of thermal expansion $\alpha$ as:

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