Question

1)

a) What happens when you use TTX to block voltage gated sodium channels?

b) The presence of food causes the Proton/Potassium pump to localize to the interior membrane of the stomach. It pumps __________ against the concentration gradient, while ______________ flow with the gradient.

Answer 1

1. What happens when you use TTX to block voltage-gated sodium channels

Ans) the sodium ion channel is a voltage-gated channel whose structure was first determined by the Japan scientist called Shosaku Numa in electrophorus electricus. The channel made up of a single peptide chain which forms six trans-membrane helices. For the propagation of nerve impulses in excitable nerve fibers and along axons require the flow of sodium ions across the membrane through the sodium ion channel. The Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is produced by the puffer fish it binds to sodium ion channel and acts like a cork in a bottle, preventing the flow of sodium in both the central and peripheral nervous systems which leads to the paralysis. Low doses of Tetrodotoxin produces tingling sensations, numbness around the mouth, fingers, and toes but at high doses cause nausea, vomiting, respiratory failure, extensive paralysis, and death.

B) The presence of food causes the Proton/Potassium pump to localize to the interior membrane of the stomach. It pumps Proton against the concentration gradient, while potassium flows with the gradient.

H+/K+ ATPase is a P-type ATPases found in the stomach utilizes the ATP to transport of one proton into the stomach lumen per potassium retrieved from the gastric lumen.