Which of the following is MISMATCHED? Toll like receptors (TLRs) -- bind PAMPs on phagocytic cells...
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Which of the following is MISMATCHED? |
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Homework Answers
Answer: acute inflammation -- long-lasting condition
Macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells have a set of transmembrane receptors called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize different types of PAMPs.
Complement: Serum proteins found in the blood, along with cells of the immune system work together to eliminate foreign cells. Once activated, the complement system can bring about a variety of responses. Both of these mechanisms, classical pathway and alternative pathway make MAC (Membrane Attack Complex), which can lyse and destroy the cell.
Inflammation is divided into acute inflammation, which occurs over seconds, minutes, hours, and days, and chronic inflammation, which occurs over longer times. Chronic pain persists.
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Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
Toll like receptors (TLRs) -- bind PAMPs on phagocytic cells...
Question 17 1 pts Toll-like receptors bind to: One specific epitope of an antigenic molecule O...
Question 17 1 pts Toll-like receptors bind to: One specific epitope of an antigenic molecule O Complement protein C3 O One of several common microbe-associated molecular patterns O Cytokine signals from immune cells ific
1. True or False: Scavenger and C-type lectin receptors bind pathogens and induce phagocytosis by macrophages....
1. True or False: Scavenger and C-type lectin receptors bind pathogens and induce phagocytosis by macrophages. 2. Which of the following is a location of Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in the cell? a. Plasma membrane b. Mitochondrial membrane c. Cytoplasm d. Nucleus 3. True or False: Between the four different inflammasome complexes, bacterial byproducts and DNA can be recognized to induce inflammation. 4. Pattern recognition receptors that detect viral infections have primarily ___________ expression. 1. Intracellular 2. Extracellular 3. Free...
are these answers correct ? 1 pts Question 1 Bacteria enters the body through a small...
are these answers correct ?
1 pts Question 1 Bacteria enters the body through a small cut in the skin. This will result in stimulating all of the processes listed below, but at different stages of the immune response. Which of the following would occur FIRST? stimulate white blood cells to secrete interleukin (IL-1) make memory T cells stimulate the classical complement pathway O produce gamma interferon Question 2 Select the PAMPS from the list below. Select ALL that apply....
1. Cleavage products of two different complement factors act similarly to recruit and activate cells. What...
1. Cleavage products of two different complement factors act similarly to recruit and activate cells. What is one of these cleavage products? a. C1 b. C2 c. C3a d. C5b e. None of the above Question 2 One of the stimuli for overall complement activation is generated when one of the complement factors undergoes a spontaneous fragmentation. This spontaneous breakdown is enhanced under what circumstance? a. In the presence of bacteria b. Early in the morning c. After a meal...
23. All the following could be possibly target sites for antibacterials except a. peptidoglycan b. ribosomes...
23. All the following could be possibly target sites for antibacterials except a. peptidoglycan b. ribosomes cf ergosterol d. RNA e. Bacterial enzymes 24. T-cell dependent antigens can a. directly stimulate B cells to multiply and produce antibodies b. restrict antibody formation c. activate macrophages d. indirectly activate Th cells 25. Which of the following is not an effect of complement activation a. interferes with viral replication b. bacterial cell lysis opsonization d. increased phagocytic activity e. inflammation 26. Resistance...
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short...
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short lived or temporary immunity, that is referred ass: a. active immunity b. humoral immunity c. immunosuppression d. passive acquired immunity e. immunocompetence A method to artificially induce an immune response to an infectious disease is: a. immunity 12. b. resistance c. antitoxin d. vaccination e. conjugation 13. Which is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. delivery of additional effector molecules to the...
2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d....
2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e. none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e. none of the above 4. Why do complement proteins not damage healthy cells normally? a. Complement proteins must be produced by activated leukocytes. b. Complement proteins must be activated by enzymatic cleavage. c. Leukocytes...
12. As part of the innate immune defense, which of the following is secreted at epithelial...
12. As part of the innate immune defense, which of the following is secreted at epithelial surfaces and directly damages microbial membranes? collectins b. ficollins c. defensins d. C reactive protein antibodies Which of the following complement proteins interact with G-coupled receptors mediating inflammation and migration? c3b C9 c. Cla C5a C2a b. A problem with self/non-self-discrimination in adaptive immunity may to lead to: allergic hypersensitivity autoimmunity immune-deficiency septic shock all of the above Which is true regarding Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6,...
Which of the following is true of B cells? Select one: a. They differentiate into macrophage...
Which of the following is true of B cells? Select one: a. They differentiate into macrophage b. They present antigens c. They are responsible for cell mediated immunity d. They secrete cytokines Suppose an individual has impaired histamine release from mast cells. This individual may have lower levels of which antibody class? Select one: a. IgA X c. IgE d. IgM Identify the component that is NOT part of innate immune defenses. Select one: a. skin b. cytotoxic T cells...
33.) Which of the following would be classified as barriers of the innate defenses? a.) activation...
33.) Which of the following would be classified as barriers of the innate defenses? a.) activation of the complement system b.) release of histamine c.) washing action of tears, skin acidity, mucus, and saliva d.) inflammation 34.) What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? a.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses b.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by bacteria c.) activates the complement mechanism d.) activates the inflammatory process 35.)...
Question 17 1 pts Toll-like receptors bind to: One specific epitope of an antigenic molecule O Complement protein C3 O One of several common microbe-associated molecular patterns O Cytokine signals from immune cells ific
are these answers correct ?
1 pts Question 1 Bacteria enters the body through a small cut in the skin. This will result in stimulating all of the processes listed below, but at different stages of the immune response. Which of the following would occur FIRST? stimulate white blood cells to secrete interleukin (IL-1) make memory T cells stimulate the classical complement pathway O produce gamma interferon Question 2 Select the PAMPS from the list below. Select ALL that apply....
23. All the following could be possibly target sites for antibacterials except a. peptidoglycan b. ribosomes cf ergosterol d. RNA e. Bacterial enzymes 24. T-cell dependent antigens can a. directly stimulate B cells to multiply and produce antibodies b. restrict antibody formation c. activate macrophages d. indirectly activate Th cells 25. Which of the following is not an effect of complement activation a. interferes with viral replication b. bacterial cell lysis opsonization d. increased phagocytic activity e. inflammation 26. Resistance...
11. When an individual receives antibodies that were produced by another person, or animal, providing short lived or temporary immunity, that is referred ass: a. active immunity b. humoral immunity c. immunosuppression d. passive acquired immunity e. immunocompetence A method to artificially induce an immune response to an infectious disease is: a. immunity 12. b. resistance c. antitoxin d. vaccination e. conjugation 13. Which is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. delivery of additional effector molecules to the...
2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e. none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e. none of the above 4. Why do complement proteins not damage healthy cells normally? a. Complement proteins must be produced by activated leukocytes. b. Complement proteins must be activated by enzymatic cleavage. c. Leukocytes...
12. As part of the innate immune defense, which of the following is secreted at epithelial surfaces and directly damages microbial membranes? collectins b. ficollins c. defensins d. C reactive protein antibodies Which of the following complement proteins interact with G-coupled receptors mediating inflammation and migration? c3b C9 c. Cla C5a C2a b. A problem with self/non-self-discrimination in adaptive immunity may to lead to: allergic hypersensitivity autoimmunity immune-deficiency septic shock all of the above Which is true regarding Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6,...
Which of the following is true of B cells? Select one: a. They differentiate into macrophage b. They present antigens c. They are responsible for cell mediated immunity d. They secrete cytokines Suppose an individual has impaired histamine release from mast cells. This individual may have lower levels of which antibody class? Select one: a. IgA X c. IgE d. IgM Identify the component that is NOT part of innate immune defenses. Select one: a. skin b. cytotoxic T cells...
33.) Which of the following would be classified as barriers of the innate defenses? a.) activation of the complement system b.) release of histamine c.) washing action of tears, skin acidity, mucus, and saliva d.) inflammation 34.) What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? a.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses b.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by bacteria c.) activates the complement mechanism d.) activates the inflammatory process 35.)...
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