Question

1 (a) What is the difference between the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation? Explain how each process contributes towards ATP synthesis.

Answer 1

The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules which are found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. It is a series of redox reactions in which electrons are passed from one transport chain to other. Energy released in these reactions is used as a proton gradient which is used to make ATP and this process is known as chemiosmosis. Together the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis forms oxidative phosphorylation.

In the electron transport chain electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy which is released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in  gradient is used to make ATP.

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