Question

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which analyze a particular psychological disorder, and ensure you:

Select a psychological disorder, and explain your choice.

Provide a detailed description of the disorder,including diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and other relevant or important details.

Describe the history of the disorder, including when it was first discovered, who discovered it, how it was discovered, and—if the criteria or diagnosis has changed over time—the various schools of thought for treatment.

Provide an overview of research findings on the disorder.

Describe concerns or issues about the disorder that should be further researched, and explain why more information may be needed.

Summarize your conclusions, and reflect on why it is important to learn more about this disorder.

Answer 1

I will talk about conversion disorder.

this disorder involves a pattern in which symptoms of some physical malfunction or loss control appear without any underlying organic pathology.these symptoms often mimic neurological disorders of one kind or another and are described as ' pseudoneurological ' in nature. the symptoms oe deficits of conversation disorder are nit intentionally produced ,are not caused by substance use,are not limited to pain or sexual symptoms and tge gain is primarily psychological and nit social ,monetaryo legal.In this disorder, a psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning.the symptoms often seem neurological,such as paralysis, blindness,or loss of feeling (anesthesia) and so may be called 'pseudoneurological'.

The symptom currently known as conversion disorder was originally combined with tge syndrome known as somatization disorder as was referred to as 'hysteria'.the term 'hysteria' was derived from the Greek word meaning 'uterus'. It was thought by Hippocrates and other greeks that this disorder was restricted to women and it was caused by sexual difficulties.

Paul Briquet and Jean Martin Charcot contributed to the development of the concept of conversion by noting the influence of heredity on the symptom and common Association with traumatic event.The term 'conversion' was introduced by Sigmund Freud, who based on his work with Anna, hypothesized that the symptom of this disorder reflect unconscious conflicts. Freud used the term 'conversion hysteria' for this disorder because he believed that the symptom were an expression of repressed sexual energy i.e the unconscious conflicts a person felt about his ir her sexual desires was converted into a bodily disturbances.

The symptom of this disorder are as follows-

I) affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or general medical condition. Motor symptoms includes impaired coordination or balance, paralysis,or localised weakness, difficulties in swallowing or lump in throat,aphonia, urinary retention etc.

II) the sensory symptoms includes loss of touch or pain sensation, double vision, blindness, deafness and hallucination.

III) seizure or convulsions with voluntary motor or sensory components.

IV) symptoms of more than one category can be evident.

The symptoms can be brief as follows-

Loas of sensitivity , psychogenic blindness, hallucination,loss of pain sensation, psychogenic seizure,, abnormal movement, disorder of gait,mutism etc

Several psychological symptoms also been associated. Patients achieve primary gain by keeping internal conflicts outside their awareness. And achieve secondary gain by gaining tangible advantages and benefits as a result of being sick.

Person with this disorder can be treated by psychotherapy.cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt) can help people identify negative or irritation thought patterns and respond to challenges more effectively. Hypnosis and self-hypnosis is also beneficial for the patient with this disorder.it may involve pleasant images in order to distract from the thoughts of direct symptoms. It slow down the symptoms. Pharmacotherapy is also a process to treat this disorder it involves medication including SSRI, beta blockers, benzodiazepines etc.

Various functional neuroimaging suggest that if there is problem of coordination between the neurones of brain and spinal cord it can be happened. Many researchers suggest that a psychosocial intervention might be of most benefit.

Although there is no specific treatment exists, and there is clear need for further systematic research in this area.