Homework Answers
8. (B) Glucose to glucose-6- phosphate
9. (B) Consume 2 ATP molecules
10. (D) NADH is formed from NAD+ during glycolysis.The redox balance of the cell has to be maintained for further cycles of glycolysis to continue. NAD+can be regenerated by one of the following reactions /pathways:
- Pyruvate is converted to lactate
- Pyruvate is converted to ethanol
CH
3
-CO-COOH + NADH + H
+
ÅÆCH
3
-CHOH-COOH + NAD
+
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In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP "consumed" during glycolysis? During glycolysis, the steps...
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation -...
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation - ATP production in the absence of oxygen Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), glycolysis continues in most cells deste the fact that oxidative phosphorylation stops and its production of NAD (which is needed as an input to glycolysis) also stops. The diagram Vlustrates the process of fermentation which is used by many cols in the absence of oxygen In fermentation, the NADH produced...
Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies ethanol in two steps. First, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which is coupled...
Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies ethanol in two steps. First, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which is coupled with the reduction of NAD' to NADH. Second, acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetate, which process also produces an NADH molecule. Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells needing extra energy couple the reduction of pyruvate to lactate with the oxidation of NADH to NAD*. The NAD is then shuttled to the anaerobic glycolysis reactions which produce a small amount of ATP. One common side effect of...
2. During exercise, skeletal muscle generates lactate by anaerobic glycolysis. Lactate enters the blood stream and...
2. During exercise, skeletal muscle generates lactate by anaerobic glycolysis. Lactate enters the blood stream and is taken up by the liver, which recycles it back to glucose through gluconeogenesis. This is known as the Cori cycle. Determine the energetic cost of maintaining glucose to the muscle by this mechanism. OPTIONS ARE: -6 -4 -2 0 +2 +4 +6 Pathway ATP generated ATP/GTP consumed Net ATP/GTP Glucose -> lactate Lactate -> glucose Net ATP/GTP
42. The end result of glycolysis includes the a creation of 38 molecules of ATP. b....
42. The end result of glycolysis includes the a creation of 38 molecules of ATP. b. reduction of eight molecules of NAD to NADH. c.formation of two molecules of pyruvate. d. conversion of one molecule of glucose to lactic acid. e. None of the above 43. During the energy investing portion of glycolysis, the phosphates from ATP molecules are a. added to the first and sixth carbons of glucose. b. added to the second and fourth carbons of glucose. c....
18. Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle A. Its...
18. Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle A. Its rate is slowed by a high (ATP]/(ADP) ratio B. It results in no change of NADH C. It results in net synthesis of ATP D. It is an endergonic process 19. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis? A. phosphofructokinase B. hexokinase C. phosphoglucomutase D. glucose-6-phosphate isomerase E. triose phosphate isomerase
A suspension of yeast cells is being grown under anaerobic conditions such that glucose is degraded...
A suspension of yeast cells is being grown under anaerobic conditions such that glucose is degraded to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Adding an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase to the yeast cell suspension results in rapid cell death. Why? a.) Without alcohol dehydrogenase, the acetaldehyde concentration increases to levels that are toxic to the yeast cells. b.) NADH generated during glycolysis cannot be recycled back to NAD+, thus anaerobic ATP production through glycolysis cannot be maintained. c.) Pyruvate is no longer...
Skeletal muscle can produce ATP via the following metabolic reactions except: The process in Which ATP...
Skeletal muscle can produce ATP via the following metabolic reactions except: The process in Which ATP is produced from CrP and glycolysis without the presence oxygen
2. Suppose 7 glucose molecules enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of inorganic phosphate molecules required as...
2. Suppose 7 glucose molecules
enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of inorganic phosphate
molecules required as well as the number of pyruvate molecules
produced.
Pi=
In yeast, ethanol is produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. A cell-free yeast extract is placed in a solution that contains 2.50 x 10 mmol glucose, 0.35 mmol ADP, 0.35 mmol Pi, 0.70 mmol ATP, 0.20 mmol NAD', and 0.20 mmol NADH. It is kept under anaerobic conditions. What is the maximum amount of ethanol...
11) (a) During fermentation, cells generate ATP via...circle all that apply Electron Transport Chain or Citric...
11) (a) During fermentation, cells generate ATP via...circle all that apply Electron Transport Chain or Citric Acid Cycle or Glycolysis (b) If a cell ran out of NAD", then would that cell be able to continue performing glycolysis? If you say "no", then identify the specific step of glycolysis (draw it) that requires NAD. (c) During aerobic respiration, NAD* is regenerated when NADH donates its H atom to the electron transport chain. Explain how NAD is regenerated during fermentation. (d)...
Skeletal muscle cells derive much of their energy from glucose, especially during anaerobic periods of strenuous...
Skeletal muscle cells derive much of their energy from glucose, especially during anaerobic periods of strenuous exercise. Briefly describe the glycolysis pathway, including the high-energy molecules generated under this condition
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation - ATP production in the absence of oxygen Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), glycolysis continues in most cells deste the fact that oxidative phosphorylation stops and its production of NAD (which is needed as an input to glycolysis) also stops. The diagram Vlustrates the process of fermentation which is used by many cols in the absence of oxygen In fermentation, the NADH produced...
Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies ethanol in two steps. First, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which is coupled with the reduction of NAD' to NADH. Second, acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetate, which process also produces an NADH molecule. Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells needing extra energy couple the reduction of pyruvate to lactate with the oxidation of NADH to NAD*. The NAD is then shuttled to the anaerobic glycolysis reactions which produce a small amount of ATP. One common side effect of...
42. The end result of glycolysis includes the a creation of 38 molecules of ATP. b. reduction of eight molecules of NAD to NADH. c.formation of two molecules of pyruvate. d. conversion of one molecule of glucose to lactic acid. e. None of the above 43. During the energy investing portion of glycolysis, the phosphates from ATP molecules are a. added to the first and sixth carbons of glucose. b. added to the second and fourth carbons of glucose. c....
18. Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle A. Its rate is slowed by a high (ATP]/(ADP) ratio B. It results in no change of NADH C. It results in net synthesis of ATP D. It is an endergonic process 19. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis? A. phosphofructokinase B. hexokinase C. phosphoglucomutase D. glucose-6-phosphate isomerase E. triose phosphate isomerase
Skeletal muscle can produce ATP via the following metabolic reactions except: The process in Which ATP is produced from CrP and glycolysis without the presence oxygen
2. Suppose 7 glucose molecules
enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of inorganic phosphate
molecules required as well as the number of pyruvate molecules
produced.
Pi=
In yeast, ethanol is produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. A cell-free yeast extract is placed in a solution that contains 2.50 x 10 mmol glucose, 0.35 mmol ADP, 0.35 mmol Pi, 0.70 mmol ATP, 0.20 mmol NAD', and 0.20 mmol NADH. It is kept under anaerobic conditions. What is the maximum amount of ethanol...
11) (a) During fermentation, cells generate ATP via...circle all that apply Electron Transport Chain or Citric Acid Cycle or Glycolysis (b) If a cell ran out of NAD", then would that cell be able to continue performing glycolysis? If you say "no", then identify the specific step of glycolysis (draw it) that requires NAD. (c) During aerobic respiration, NAD* is regenerated when NADH donates its H atom to the electron transport chain. Explain how NAD is regenerated during fermentation. (d)...
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