Homework Answers
Details of alcohal dehydrogenase-it conains Zn metal, which is bound to two cysteine, one histidine and one water molecule, which is replaced by alcohal.
The liver can metabolize about one serving of alcohol per hour, depending on the individual’s age, weight, and gender. Typically, consuming more than one beverage per hour leads to intoxication. As a person’s blood alcohol content (BAC) rises, they develop different signs of intoxication, leading up to passing out, vomiting, stumbling or falling, and even experiencing alcohol poisoning.
Consuming between one and two drinks in an hour can increase a person’s BAC to 0.05 percent. They will appear relaxed; their inhibitions will be lowered; and their judgment and reaction times may be slowed or impaired, but not to dangerous levels.
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Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies ethanol in two steps. First, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which is coupled...
The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for...
The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for several hours, results in a deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia. The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase. CH,CH,OH + NAD+ CH CHO + NADH + H+ How does this reaction inhibit the transformation of lactate to pyruvate and lead to hypoglycemia? The conversion of lactate...
1. 2. 3. 4. Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate...
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2.
3.
4.
Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
A suspension of yeast cells is being grown under anaerobic conditions such that glucose is degraded...
A suspension of yeast cells is being grown under anaerobic conditions such that glucose is degraded to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Adding an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase to the yeast cell suspension results in rapid cell death. Why? a.) Without alcohol dehydrogenase, the acetaldehyde concentration increases to levels that are toxic to the yeast cells. b.) NADH generated during glycolysis cannot be recycled back to NAD+, thus anaerobic ATP production through glycolysis cannot be maintained. c.) Pyruvate is no longer...
Question 1 A-C Question 2 Question 1: Glycolysis represents only very limited oxidation of glucose into...
Question 1 A-C
Question 2
Question 1: Glycolysis represents only very limited oxidation of glucose into pyruvate, and may be followed up by fermentation involving reduction of pyruvate, not further oxidation. Part A. (4 points) Explain how one molecule of NAD+ plays important roles in both parts of the above paired reactions, specifically mentioning how it is involved in both oxidation and reduction Part B. (4 points) The enzymes involved in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate or ethanol have...
Ethanol in the body is oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH). Other alcohols are...
Ethanol in the body is oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH). Other alcohols are also oxidized by LADH. Methanol, which is mildly intoxicating, is oxidized by LADH to the highly toxic product formaldehyde. The toxic effects of methanol (a component of many commercial solvents and "wood alcohol" in moonshine) can be reduced by administering ethanol. The ethanol acts as a competitive inhibitor of methanol by displacing it from LADH. This provides sufficient time for the methanol to be...
During a long bout of sustained exercise, in which order will your body's energy stores/sources be...
During a long bout of sustained exercise, in which order will your body's energy stores/sources be used? fatty acids, glycogen stored in the liver, glycogen stored in the muscle, ATP stored in the muscle ATP stored in muscle, glycogen stored in muscle, glycogen stored in the liver, fatty acids ATP stored in muscle, glycogen stored in the liver, glycogen stored in the muscle, fatty acids ATP stored in muscle, fatty acids, glycogen stored in the muscle, glycogen stored in the...
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation -...
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation - ATP production in the absence of oxygen Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), glycolysis continues in most cells deste the fact that oxidative phosphorylation stops and its production of NAD (which is needed as an input to glycolysis) also stops. The diagram Vlustrates the process of fermentation which is used by many cols in the absence of oxygen In fermentation, the NADH produced...
2. The image at right shows NAD+ and ethanol in the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase....
2. The image at right shows NAD+ and ethanol in the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is: CH3CHO + NADH + H+ + CH3CH2OH + NAD+. Which of the statements below concerning this reaction is true? O The proton (H) is likely supplied by a basic amino acid such as lysine in its positively charged form. O The reaction mechanism involves an alkoxide intermediate. O This reaction establishes a stereocenter in ethanol. O NADH...
Part N What is the AE.' for the oxidation of succinate to fumarate by coenzyme Q...
Part N What is the AE.' for the oxidation of succinate to fumarate by coenzyme Q under standard conditions? Express your answer using two decimal places. Η ΑΣΦ ? AE0' = V Submit Request Answer Redox Pair (oxidized form + reduced form) Number of electrons Reduction Potential, Volts Acetate → pyruvate 2 -0.70 Succinate → a- ketoglutarate 2 -0.67 Acetate → acetaldehyde 2 -0.60 3-phosphoglycerate + glyceraldehyde- 3-P -0.55 N a-ketoglutarate → isocitrate 2 -0.38 NAD+ + NADH 2 -0.32...
The figures below show the two different types of anaerobic respiration: alcoholic fermentation (left) and lactate...
The figures below show the two different types of anaerobic respiration: alcoholic fermentation (left) and lactate fermentation (right). Read the descriptions in the table that follows, and then select whether each statement describes alcoholic fermentation, lactate fermentation, or both. Check all that apply. COCO glucose 2 NAD GOGOGG glucose 2 NAD+ 2 NADH NADH OG @CC pyruvate COO Co pyruvate Glycolysis Glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation 200, Lactate Fermentation 2 NADH Сс NAD аа acetaldehyde NADH lactate 2 NAD © ethanol Alcoholic...
The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for several hours, results in a deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia. The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase. CH,CH,OH + NAD+ CH CHO + NADH + H+ How does this reaction inhibit the transformation of lactate to pyruvate and lead to hypoglycemia? The conversion of lactate...
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
Question 1 A-C
Question 2
Question 1: Glycolysis represents only very limited oxidation of glucose into pyruvate, and may be followed up by fermentation involving reduction of pyruvate, not further oxidation. Part A. (4 points) Explain how one molecule of NAD+ plays important roles in both parts of the above paired reactions, specifically mentioning how it is involved in both oxidation and reduction Part B. (4 points) The enzymes involved in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate or ethanol have...
- Attempt 1 ar Respiration and fermentation summary ③ 3 ott Part C - Fermentation - ATP production in the absence of oxygen Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), glycolysis continues in most cells deste the fact that oxidative phosphorylation stops and its production of NAD (which is needed as an input to glycolysis) also stops. The diagram Vlustrates the process of fermentation which is used by many cols in the absence of oxygen In fermentation, the NADH produced...
2. The image at right shows NAD+ and ethanol in the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is: CH3CHO + NADH + H+ + CH3CH2OH + NAD+. Which of the statements below concerning this reaction is true? O The proton (H) is likely supplied by a basic amino acid such as lysine in its positively charged form. O The reaction mechanism involves an alkoxide intermediate. O This reaction establishes a stereocenter in ethanol. O NADH...
Part N What is the AE.' for the oxidation of succinate to fumarate by coenzyme Q under standard conditions? Express your answer using two decimal places. Η ΑΣΦ ? AE0' = V Submit Request Answer Redox Pair (oxidized form + reduced form) Number of electrons Reduction Potential, Volts Acetate → pyruvate 2 -0.70 Succinate → a- ketoglutarate 2 -0.67 Acetate → acetaldehyde 2 -0.60 3-phosphoglycerate + glyceraldehyde- 3-P -0.55 N a-ketoglutarate → isocitrate 2 -0.38 NAD+ + NADH 2 -0.32...
The figures below show the two different types of anaerobic respiration: alcoholic fermentation (left) and lactate fermentation (right). Read the descriptions in the table that follows, and then select whether each statement describes alcoholic fermentation, lactate fermentation, or both. Check all that apply. COCO glucose 2 NAD GOGOGG glucose 2 NAD+ 2 NADH NADH OG @CC pyruvate COO Co pyruvate Glycolysis Glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation 200, Lactate Fermentation 2 NADH Сс NAD аа acetaldehyde NADH lactate 2 NAD © ethanol Alcoholic...
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