How does an electron transport chain work?
As the electrons from reduced molecules such as NADH and FADh are passed through the complexes to the final acceptor oxygen, the protons are pumped across the inner membrane to intermembrane space of the mitochondria. This generates proton motive force. Protons flow back to the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase forming ATP.
Steps involved are
Step 1 Two electrons are passed from NADH into the NADH dehydrogenase complex. Coupled with this transfer is the pumping of one hydrogen ion for each electron.
Step 2 The two electrons are transferred to ubiquinone.
Step 3 Each electron is then passed from the cytochrome b-c1 complex to cytochrome c. One hydrogen ion is pumped through the complex as each electron is transferred.
Step 4 The next major step occurs in the cytochrome oxidase complex. This step requires four electrons. These four electrons interact with a molecular oxygen molecule and eight hydrogen ions. The four electrons, four of the hydrogen ions, and the molecular oxygen, are used to form two water molecules. The other four hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane.
Step 5 The hydrogen pumping steps creates a gradient. The potential energy in this gradient is used by ATP synthase to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
This is analogous to how a hydroelectric dam functions. The water
at the top of dam or falls has higher potential energy that that of
the water at the base of the dam/falls. As the water falls down,
some of the potential energy of the water is harnessed to drive
turbines that make electricity.
1. How does extreme heat affect the electron transport chain at a molecular level?
Which complex of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration does not directly impact the intermembrane space's pH? Complex I Complex Complex III Complex IV
describe the role of both energy carriers in the electron transport chain and how they accomplish this goal
Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane? A. Complex I B. Complex IV C. Complex II D. Complex III Which statement regarding the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is true? A. Ubiquinone and the F zero subunit of ATP synthase are peripheral membrane proteins. B. Complexes I, II, III, and IV all are proton pumps. C. The final electron acceptor is water. D. Complex II is considered...
Question 4 Describe, preferably in diagram form, how the electron transport chain generates ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Account for the production of ATP during electron transport according to the chemiosmotic theory. Include sites of inhibition for oligomycin, thermogenin, and cyanide. (10 marks)
Question 4 Describe, preferably in diagram form, how the electron transport chain generates ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Account for the production of ATP during electron transport according to the chemiosmotic theory. Include...
What happens along an electron transport chain?
What happens along an electron transport chain? Electrons are passed from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent, releasing free energy at each step. Electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, gaining potential energy at each step. O Electrons store energy that can be used to break down sugar molecules. O Protons are pumped through ATP synthase, making ATP.
Which electron carrier brings
electrons to the electron transport chain via complex II?
Which electron carrier brings electrons to the electron transport chain via Complex II? FADH_2 FAD NADH NAD^+ Which electron carrier brings electrons to the electron transport chain via Complex I? FADH_2 FAD NADH NAD^+ As the electron transport chain proceeds, electrons H^+ ions water CO_2 molecules are pumped into the intermembrane space cytoplasm matrix nucleus
Regarding the electron transport chain (ETC)...How many ATPs are produced from one NADH? From one FADH2? Where in the ETC (i.e. to which electron carrier) does each of these molecules donate its electrons?
In the mitochondrion, where does the electron transport chain pump protons? a. from the matrix to the intermembrane space b. from the intermembrane space to the matrix c. from the cytosol to the intermembrane space d. from the intermembrane space to the cytosol e. from the cytosol to the matrix through membrane contact sites
This question relates to complex III of the electron transport chain Identify the electron carrier that directly donates electrons to complex III and the electron carrier that ultimately receives electrons from complex III 1^st (donating) carrier: _________ 2^nd (receiving) carrier: _______ How much energy is released by transferring one pair of electrons from the donating electron carrier to the receiving electron carrier? How many protons are transferred out of the intermembrane space as a transferring one pair of electrons from...