Question

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1. How can molecules attract each other when they are in a mixture? Predict how ethanol would interact with those molecules. Draw a picture illustrating the interactions betwee the components of the mixture and the solvent, ethanol.

Answer 1

they can interact due to electrostatic attraction or we can say they can interact due to dipole dipole interaction, induced dipole interaction or hydrogen bond or Van-der wal interaction.

When ethanol is dissolved in water it interacts due to hydrogen bond specifically.

This is a kind of weak interaction between hydrogen atom and electronegative element ( Flourine, oxygen and nitrogen only) already bonded with other atoms .

Answer 2

Answer 3

Molecules attract eachother via a variety of forces. Intermolecular forces are generally reffered to as van der Waals forces. The vdW family of forces includes dipole-dipole forces between permanent dipoles, dipole-induced dipole forces and London type forces between nonpolar molecules with induced dipole moments. The dipole is basically a shift in the electron density of a molecule that is caused, in the case of permanent dipoles, by the difference in electronegativity between covalent bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules might have a temporary induced dipole moment by proximity to a permanent dipole or another nwutral molecule that causes a disturbance in their electron cloud. A special case of dipole interaction is the hydrogen bond, most prominent in water and alcohols.
Some special molecules called zwitterions, which contain charged ( ionic) groups but have a total of 0 net charge can also attract eachother via electrostatic forces, stronger than vdW forces.