Question

As much detail as possible

Instructions: After reading the scenario below, answer the questions at the of each passage. Answers need to clearly demonstrate an advanced understanding ofphysiology. It is recommended that you work out your answers on scratch paper before writing up your final response. Part 2 of the case study is a group effort and all members of the group are expected to participate equally. end The number of nephrons is constant from birth. New nephrons do not form to replace those that are injured or diseased. Signs of kidney disease are often not apparent until the majority of nephrons are damaged. 1) Speculate as to why this could be. Include in your discussion why someone who receives a kidney transplant (or who donates a kidney) can still function at 80% the rate of having two kidneys.

Answer 1

1.Answer

Nephrogenesis in humans is limited to the period of embryonic kidney development. No new nephrons are formed after birth but it has the capacity to repair the damaged parts if the damage is minor. Nephrogenesis ends by 36 weeks of gestation in humans.

After kidney transplant both donor and recipient can live a normal life. For a donor they should not lift heavy weight for 6 weeks,if there is no problem they can go for normal diet. Before kidney transplant a donor undergo for health check up. kidney is taken away only from a healthy donor so they can live a normal life with care. For a recipient, they should take some anti rejection medicines or immuno suppressor drugs because recipient immune cells can attack the foreign kidney

2. Answer

Hemorrhage causes loss of blood from the blood vessels so sufficient blood can not reach the glomerulus with exerted force so this causes the glomerulus blood pressure below normal. There are many disease that affect glomerulus filtration rate and glomerulus blood pressure to fall. Other pathological conditions that affect glomerulus are Auto immune diseases, Infection related glomerular diseases, Diabetic nephropathy

3. Answer

Because it leads to diabetes mellitus and normal range of glucose in urine is 0 - 15 mg/dL, if glucose level goes beyond this care should be taken. Presence of glucose in urine is called Renal Glycosuria the condition leads to diabetes mellitus. For pregnancy women this condition is called Gestational diabetes.

4. Answer

Diuretics is also called as water tablets. Diuretics increase the salt and water level and eliminates through urine, relaxes the blood vessel and reduces blood pressure Ex: Thiazide. Natural diuretics are Coffee, dandelion extract, green tea, Hibiscus flowers, Nigella sativa - Black cumin.