In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers, and short plants are dominant...
In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers, and short plants are dominant over tall plants. A short plant with red flowers was self-fertilized and the phenotypes for the resulting progeny recorded (see below). Based on the observed numbers, you propose the hypothesis that this dihybrid cross follows a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, whereby Mendel's laws apply. Based on this hypothesis, you calculated the expected number of progeny for each phenotype (see below).
| Phenotype | Observed Number of Plants | Expected Number of Plants |
| Short, red | 202 | 225 |
| Short, white | 84 | 75 |
| Tall, red | 79 | 75 |
| Tall, white | 35 | 25 |
The following is a Table of Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution, you will require to answer this question.
(a) Using the above information, perform a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test to evaluate your hypothesis. Be sure to show your work (i.e., chi-square value, degrees of freedom, probability). (2 marks)
(b) Based on your Chi-square goodness-of-fit test results, do these traits (flower colour and height) abide by Mendel's laws? Explain your reasoning. (2 marks)
(c) List two examples of exceptions where modifications and/or extensions of Mendel's basic principles are observed
Homework Answers
| Phenotype | Observed No. (O) | Expected Number (E) | (O-E) | (O-E)2 | (O - E)2/E |
| Short, Red | 202 | 225 | -23 | 529 | 2.351 |
| Short, White | 84 | 75 | 9 | 81 | 1.08 |
| Tall, Red | 79 | 75 | 4 | 16 | 0.213 |
| Tall, White | 35 | 25 | 10 | 100 | 4 |
| Chi-square value | 7.644 |
Here the degrees of freedom = 4 - 1 = 3
for 3 degrees of freedom, at 0.05% significance level, the p-value or critical value is 7.815.
b) Since the chi-square value is less than or very close to the critical value, hence there is no significant difference between the expected and the observed data. The observed data is in accordance to the expected data. Hence the traits abide by the Mendel's laws.
c) The two exceptions where modifications or extensions of Mendel's basic principles are observed include linkage and Gene interactions like supplementary genes, complementary genes, epistiasis etc where the ratios obtained are different from that of the normal Mendelian ratios.
Thank you
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In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white
flowers, and short plants are dominant...
In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers, and short plants are dominant...
In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers, and short plants are dominant over tall plants. A short plant with red flowers was self-fertilized and the phenotypes for the resulting progeny recorded (see below). Based on the observed numbers, you propose the hypothesis that this dihybrid cross follows a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, whereby Mendel's laws apply. Based on this hypothesis, you calculated the expected number of progeny for each phenotype (see below). Phenotype Observed Number of Plants...
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In a flowering plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers, and short plants are dominant over tall plants. A short plant with red flowers was self-fertilized and the phenotypes for the resulting progeny recorded (see below). Based on the observed numbers, you propose the hypothesis that this dihybrid cross follows a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, whereby Mendel's laws apply. Based on this hypothesis, you calculated the expected number of progeny for each phenotype (see below). Phenotype Observed Number of Plants...
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