Question

Question 34 12 pts Indicate whether the following statements are true for DNA replication only (type DNA next to the statement), RNA transcription only (type RNA next to the statement); both replication and transcription (type BOTH next to the statement); or neither replication or transcription (type NONE next to the statement). (10 points, 2 points each) A. The new strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction. B. A primer is required. C. A template is required. D. Polymerases bind to unique sites called "origins." E. Polymerases bind to unique sites called "promoters." F. Uncorrected errors result in mutation. HTML Editora ΒΙ Ο Α A - IX E E71 XX, TTT 12pt Paragraph

Answer 1

Replication of DNA process by which S The DNA molecule moke its identical copy is know DNA replication. its take place in phase of interphose. ( Neredeys.) there three possible way of DNA Yeplication i.e- Dispersive Conservative, and Semiconservative The machinery and enzyme DNA replication 1 che process of replication in living rell required Bet of enzyme DNO dependent DNA DNA polymerase is the major it is highly efficient of polymerase about 2c00bp per Secound. DNA replication in Eukariyate is Semiconservative and bidirectional + DNA Yeplication involved the following Step- 9) origin of replication = DNA replication begins certain fixed point called origin

Origin replication begins with a nick incision made by incision enzyme endohuclease. Prokariyate have single origin of replication is called in E. cali Activation of Deoxyribonucleotide it occurs inside the Mercleoplesm Deoxynucleotide are four type romely LAMP, d GMP, deMP and TM they are first phosphorylated and charged to active forms. which have three phosphate residue instead of one triphosphate action Substrate provide Chergy for the polymerization of Neicleotide. these unwinded by bond of in Unwinding of DNA belix - bun double helix 1 inbindi enzyme helicase. is ATP dependent enzyme and DNA stand the separated stand Single stand binding pralien ( SSBP) the Wainding of DNA impode tension the distal end of DNA molecule tension is released by the enzyme topoisomerase Stabolized by Mb

Page No. ei smaller Called RNA primer the help Talled Formation of primer stand- unition of DJA Synthesis always required segment of RNA is synthesed 5' end of how stand with of DNA specific RNA polymerase enzyme primaßen (V) Addition of Deoxyribonucleotide DNA polymerase Oddeleoxyribonucleotide the 3-04 end of the newly synthesed polypeptide chain. protariyate have three major type of DNA Delymese hamely and I, A in Cukariyotes five type of -DNA polymerase 2, ßly , 6 E (vi) Acdivity of DNA polymerose two stand of double helix Antiparallel de other ie the 5-3' direction. while other has opposite Dub_polymerose TI synthesis DNÐ 5 - 3' direction only this serves as template DNA. synthesis and called leading Hand. and are 3-5 polarity 3 - 5' polarity meah continuous

other stand with 5'-3' polarity forts the loop structer this loop invert the Orientation of the template. DNA. stand that is synthesed this Loop is fragmented discontinious and it khows okazaki fragment ch Jogging stand polymesose I the Elongation of new stand the enzyme DNÐ degrades RNA primer and gimultaneosly Catalyses the synthesis of short DNA Replace the primer. this is then joined to DNA stand by DNA ligase enzyme. Segment to segment is man Summary of enzyme Protien Role. Helicase Primase SSBP DNA topoisomerase unbind the double helix Synthesided RNA primer Stabalized single stand DNA Relieves torque or Strain Synthesegtis DNĐ ( 5-3') join DNA segment DNA poly III DNA ligose

the New stand in synthesized in the (3 to 5. direction) the New stand is synthesized 5²-3 direction. primer is required Template is required Polymerases bind to unique site called promoters CRNA polymeroses bind to promoters region) Als corrected errors result in mutation. A А