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Two related species metabolize glucose using the exact same pathways (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylatio

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The ATP synthase of species A contains 12 c-rings, while the species B contains 10 c-rings.

More c-rings mean more protons (energy) required to rotate the ATP synthase completely to produce 3 ATPs. In this way, species A loses some of the energy. That is why it is able to produce only 83% of ATP compared to species B.

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