Question

Fatemi. D.: Hasseldine. J.: Hite, P. (2020). The Influence of Ethical Codes of Conduct on Professionalism in Tax Practice. Journal of Business Ethics 164, 133-149. 1. Describe the difference between advocacy and integrity. Please cite Fatemi et al (2020) at least once. 2. Why do the two conflict? 3. Why is the conflict more acute (serious) for tax professionals than for audit professionals? 4. Present to me your observations, insights, etc. If you cite additional sources, please cite, reference, and attach a copy. 5. References from part 4, if applicable. Fatemi. D.; Hasseldine. J.; Hite, P. (2020). The Influence of Ethical Codes of Conduct on Professionalism in Tax Practice. Journal of Business Ethics 164. 133-149.

Answer 1

MULTIPLE QUESTIONS-ONLY FIRST THREE ANSWERED

Ans-1

Integrity refers to adherence to the profesional standards and putting them first.In other words strightly adhereing to what is right.

Advocacy on the other hand is more client centric wherein clients position is to be justified within the given framework.Grounds are worked to put client at the top.

Ans-2

Going by the very basic objective as laid out above there is an inherent conflict between the two.Advocy puts the client's interest at the fore whereas Integrity puts the profession at the top.Many a time what client wants to achieve is actually not right as per profesional standards.

Ans-3

For tax professionals the conflict is more acute as there are direct financiall ramifications involved.It has been observed that if Integrgity is given prominence than advocacy than it is less likely to choose a tax -favourable outcome.Everybody wants to save money by paying less taxes and hence the heat is high here.

On the other hand in audit the ramifications are there but not that very direct.