Question

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transcription? How could the presence of a hormone in the blood have an effect on this structure? 6 points 3. What is an enhancer region and why is it important in the regulation of eukaryotic Contents Cancer Genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes. d. promoter genes. a. operator genes. b. pseudogenes.c 2A mutation in which of the following genes would be LEAST likely lead to a cancer? a. growth hormone gene b. growth hormone receptor gene c. DNA-binding protein gene d. glycolysis enzyme gene e tumor suppresser gene encoding p53 is expressed at high levels following a. DNA damage. b. RNA damage. c. DNA replication. d. the G2 stage of the cell cycle. Th The presence of high levels of p53 (and the other proteins that result from increased p53 expression) block the cell cycle by a. binding to and deactivating DNA polymerase. b. binding to and deactivating RNA polymerase. plugging nuclear pores and this blocking the movement of RNA out of the nucleus. d. blocking the proteins necessary for driving the cell through the GI checkpoint In addition to a 40-fold (or more) increase in lung cancer risk, cigarette smoking is also associated with. a. heart discase b. stroke. c. emphysema. e. low birth weight in children of smokers. f. bad breath. g. smelly clothes. h. 10 year loss in life expectancy i. all of the above and more d. shortness of breath. Which of the following would be more characteristic of a cancer cell than a normal cell? a. flattened shape c. no contact inhibition d. low rate of proliferation b. anchorage dependence 7. A tumor which is prevented from spreading by virtue of being unable to penetrate through connective tissue is classified as a. benign. b. malignant. c. a sarcoma d. statutory. Cancers are caused, in part, by mutations in oncogenes. Which of the following is least likely to be the protein product of an oncogene? a growth hormone receptor b. a glycolysis enzyme c. a DNA binding protein

Answer 1

Answer 1: oncogene

Has potential to develop cancer. Oncogene survive the cell from program cell death, which has DNA damage.

Answer 2: glycolysis enzyme gene

Because it is important metabolism pathway. The mutated cell cannot survive due to inability to respiration.

Answer 3: DNA damage

Normal cell has low level of p53, while DNA damage and stress induce high level of p53.

Answer 4: d. Blocking the protein necessary for driving the cell through the G1 check point.

This tumour suppressor has regulatory hold on G1 and G2/ M phase.

Answer 5: I: all of the above and more

Smoking has many health hazards

Answer 6: no contact inhibition

Normal cells growth inhibited after contact with neighboring cell.

Answer 7: benign

Can't spread in the body

Malignant tumors can spread in the body.

Sarcomas : cancer of mesodermal connective tissue

Answer 9: False

Normal cell to become cancer cell require successive genetic changes at initiation, promotion, progression etc

Answer 10: contact inhibition

Normal cells are inhibited after contact. Cancer cells grow continue after contact with neighboring cells and form disorder multilayer pattern.

Answer 11: cancer cell spread to new location in the body