Question

1. List and describe one major difference between germ free with microbes. animalts versus animals 2. What would be a healthier microbiome: a diverse one or a monoculture? Why? 3. "Human metabolism is supported by bacterial metabolism. What does this mean? 4. Explain what dysbiosis is (not just the definition).

Answer 1

1. Germ-free animals are animals that have no microorganisms living in or on them. Such animals are raised within germ-free isolators in order to control their exposure to viral, bacterial or parasitic agents whereas there are some multicellular organisms have been co-evolving with microbes, a collection of organisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Microbes colonize the gut and external surface of animals, as well as some reproductive organs.

2. Microbiome can be defined as a community of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses occupying the same environment. A microbiome is a collection of all the genes of the microbiota (metagenome). Like all healthy ecosystems, the richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Each macrobiotic species in the biome transforms that energy into new molecules, which may signal messages to physiological systems of the host.

3. Metabolism refers to all the biochemical reactions that occur in a cell or organism. Metabolism refers to all of the body's chemical processes, the digestion of food, and the elimination of waste. Prokaryotes play key roles in the cycling of nutrients through ecosystems. Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) are way more diverse than humans in their nutritional strategies – that is, the ways they obtain fixed carbon (fuel molecules) and energy. Microorganisms inhabit various sites of the human body, including the skin, nose, mouth and the gut. In particular, the human gut is home to an enormous number of microorganisms which Synthesize nutrients, aid digestion, and absorption, inhibits the growth of pathogenic organisms, stimulates the immune system. This is the reason that human metabolism is supported by bacterial metabolism.

4. Dysbiosis (also called dysbacteriosis) is a term for a microbial imbalance or maladaptation on or inside the body, such as an impaired microbiota. It can be described as a shift from symbiotic to pathogenic bacteria in the gut and also increases gut permeability. GI infection, antibiotic-resistant diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, pouchitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, Colorectal cancer are the conditions associated with dysbiosis.