Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryo
which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the
neural tube.Different portions of the neural tube form by two
different processes,called primary and secondary neurulation.
In primary neurulation,the neural plate creases inward until the
edges come in contact and fuse.
In secondary neurulation,the tube forms by hollowing out of the
interior of a solid precursor.
Ectodermal cells are induced to form neuroectoderm from a variety
of signals.Ectoderm sends and receives signals of BMP4 and cells
which receive BMP4 signal develop into epidermis.The inhibitory
signals chordin ,noggin and follistatin are needed to form neural
plate.These inhibitory signals are created and emitted by the
Spemann organiser.Cells which do not receive BMP4 signaling due to
the effects of the inhibitory signals will develop into the
anterior neuroectoderm cells of the neural plate.
The process of the flat neural plate folding into the cylindrical
neural tube is termed primary neurulation. As a result of the
cellular shape changes,the neural plate forms the medial hinge
point (MHP) .The expanding epidermis puts pressure on the MHP and
causes the neural plate to fold resulting in neural plate and the
creation of the neural groove.The neural folds form dorsolateral
hinge point(DLHP) and pressure on this hinge causes the neural
folds to meet and fuse at the midline.The fusion requires the
regulation of cell adhesion molecules.The neural plate switches
from E-cadherin expression to N-cadherin and N-CAM expression to
recognize each other as the same tissue and close the tube.This
change in expression stops the binding of the neural tube to the
epidermis.
Neural tube defects seem to be related to defects in the folate-methionine metabolic pathways since preconception of vitamin B12 supplementation with folic acid proved to substantially reduce the risk for NTD affected pregnancies.Folate is a critical nutrient in maintaining normal cell growth and division and therefore it is important for human development.Folic acid and its derivatives are important in several reactions in the single carbon transfer,which include the biosynthesis of purines,thymidines and the remethylation of homocystine to methionine.Normal folic acid and vitamin B12 metabolism were reported to be essential for normal development of the neural tube.
Need help with this question about BMP,Cadherins, and Folic Acid in process of neurulation. 3. What...
This week we learned about nutrition and read about Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Folic Acid, Antioxidants and Phytochemicals, Minerals, Calcium, Iron, Sodium, and Water. Focus on one of these and discuss them in detail. What is this dietary element role in the body? How much is recommended? What are some of the most nutrient rich foods that contain your selected element? Do you believe that you get enough, too little, or too much in your daily diet? What are the...
This week we learned about nutrition and read about Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Folic Acid, Antioxidants and Phytochemicals, Minerals, Calcium, Iron, Sodium, and Water. Focus on one of these and discuss them in detail. What is this dietary element role in the body? How much is recommended? What are some of the most nutrient rich foods that contain your selected element? Do you believe that you get enough, too little, or too much in your daily diet? What are the...
iProfile Case Study, Folic Acid, Question 05
Using the iProfile Case Study: Folic Acid from your WileyPlus
iProfile resources, enter Kelly Watson’s data into the program in
order to answer the following question.
Use report: Single Nutrient Report: Folate (DFE)
The 0-100% scale in the Single Nutrient: Folate (DFE) report
demonstrates what percent each food item contributes to that day’s
folate intake. Which two foods in the daily menu provide 0% of the
day’s folate?
Apple and Chicken, Meat and...
iProfile Case Study, Folic Acid, Question 02
Using the iProfile Case Study: Folic Acid from your WileyPlus
iProfile resources, enter Kelly Watson’s data into the program in
order to answer the following question.
Use report: Single Nutrient Report: Folate (DFE)
The DRI for folate differs among age, gender and lifestage
groups. The amount of folate provided in this one-day diet meets
the folate needs for
females, lactating, age 19-30.
females (non-pregnant, non-lactating), age 19-30.
females, pregnant, age 19-30.
All of...
1. How much increase in need of folate (folic acid) is there during pregancy? 2. Which of the following indicated that preecplampsia has become eclampsia?
Need help explaining these 3 terms in 4-5 sentences.
Question 1: In a process controlled by PID loop, explain the role of below terms in relation to PID output, SP and PV. In no more than 4-5 lines. Proportional Gain (P) Integral Gain (0 Derivative Gain (D)
the following python code edits BMP image file to negative but I need help with modifying this code so it turns it the same BMP image file into a black and white instead of a negative. heres python code I have so far [pasted below] ## # This program processes a digital image by creating a negative of a BMP image. # from io import SEEK_CUR from sys import exit def main() : filename = input("Please enter the file name:...
Using the iProfile Case Study: Folic Acid from your WileyPlus
iProfile resources, enter Kelly Watson’s data into the program in
order to answer the following question.
Use report: Single Nutrient Report: Folate (DFE)
There is no known toxicity from very high folic acid intake
levels; however, very high folic acid intake is not recommended
because it may mask the early symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.
What is the UL for folic acid for Kelly Watson?
1000 mcg/day
800 mcg/day
400...
what is the recommended vitamin needs during pregnancy for vitamin C, B12, folic acid
4. What are the metabolic and clinical consequences of using folic acid to treat macrocytic anemia caused by a vitamin B 12 deficiency?